明代诗坛上的台阁、郎署、山林和市井

Taige, Langshu, Mountains and Marketplace In the Poetry of the Ming Dynasty

台阁、郎署、山林和市井是描述明代诗坛历史进程的四个关键词。大体说来,洪武至天顺年间,台阁体绵延相续,并在总体上主导了诗坛习尚;成化至嘉靖年间,前后七子的崛起导致“台阁坛坫移于郎署”,诗坛格局发生巨变;嘉靖、隆庆至万历初年,谢榛、王世懋等推崇王孟诗风,山林一脉渐成气候;万历至崇祯年间,公安派以其洋溢着市井气息的私生活描写,在诗坛呼风唤雨。明代诗坛的这一演变路径,既有文学自身发展的内部原因,又与特殊的政治、文化生态有关。

Taige,Langshu,Mountains and Marketplace are four key words todescribe the historical devel-opment of poetry in the Ming Dynasty.Generally speaking,the Taige style of poetry continued and dominated the poetry practice during the period from Hongwu to Tianshun.In the period from Chenghua to Jiajing,the rise of“the former seven writers and latter seven writers”caused a change of dominance in poetry from Taige to Langshu,leading to a dramatic change in the pattern of poetry.Then,from the period of Jiajing and Longqing to the early years of Wanli,Xie Zhen and Wang Shimao praised Wang Wei and Meng Haoran’s poetry,so the Mountains gradually developed.During the period from Wanli to Chongzhen,the Gong’an School of literary writing described the private life with a strong common people style,“controlling the forces of nature”.This path of evolution in the poetry of the Ming Dynasty is related not only to the internal reasons for the development of literature itself,but also to the special political and cultural ecology.