女子50公里竞走世界冠军梁瑞、刘虹关键技术特征研究

Key technical characteristics of women’s 50 km race walking: Case study of world champions Liang Rui and Liu Hong

目的:对女子50公里竞走世界冠军梁瑞和刘虹破世界纪录的技术数据进行分析,并将两名运动员的技术数据进行对比分析,找出她们不同的技术特点以及技术不足,为其训练提供针对性建议。方法:通过三维拍摄,获取梁瑞和刘虹的破世界纪录竞走技术数据并进行分析比较。结果:两名运动员都具有较好的速度耐力,但是在冲刺能力上,梁瑞弱于刘虹;梁瑞和刘虹的腾空距离、腾空时间都具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01),左腿前支撑距离、右腿后蹬距离、下肢蹬地角、离地瞬间两大腿夹角、垂直支撑阶段摆动腿膝关节角度均具有差异性(P<0.05)。结论:1)刘虹的最后冲刺速度逐渐加快且好于梁瑞,后者在日后训练中应该加强冲刺能力训练;2)梁瑞对于头顶起伏距离的控制好于刘虹,但是由于刘虹的步长小频率快,虽然本次比赛没有腾空的判罚,但具有一定的潜在判罚危险;3)两名运动员的左右腿都存在不平衡的现象,二者的步长特点都是右着-左着大于左着-右着,日常要加强弱势侧训练。

Objective:To analyze the technical data of women's 50 km race walking world champion Liang Rui and Liu Hong,compare and analyze the technical data of the two athletes,and find out their different technical characteristics and shortcomings,hoping to provide targeted suggestions for their training.Methods:Collect the technical data of Liang and Liu world record-breaking race walking by 3D shooting.Results:Both athletes had good speed endurance,but Liang was weaker than Liu in sprint ability.There were significant differences in the distance and time of flight(P<0.01).There were differences in the distance of front support of the left leg,the distance of back push of the right leg,the angle of ground push of the lower limb,the angle between the two thighs at the moment of leaving the ground,and the angle of knee joint of the swing leg at the stage of vertical support(P<0.05).Conclusion:1)Liu's final sprint speed is gradually accelerated and better than Liang's.2)Liang controlled the fluctuation distance of the head better than Liu.However,due to Liu's small step length and fast frequency,though there was no flight penalty,there was a certain potential penalty danger.3)The left and right legs of both athletes are unbalanced,and the step length of both athletes is larger than that of left and right.The weak side training should be strengthened daily.