各类人群社会心理的时代变迁

Cross-temporal Changes of Social Psychology in Different Populations

随着我国经济社会的发展,人们的社会心理也发生了变迁。本文通过综述25项有关自我与人格特征、人际关系、职业心理、生育意愿与生育行为、幸福感等社会心理变量的横断历史研究,总结了我国各类人群社会心理变迁的趋势:大学生社会心理指标变迁"喜忧参半",教师和医护人员等职业人群的职业倦怠感大幅增加,老年人的幸福感和能得到的社会支持大幅下降,中学生的自尊明显降低,居民的生育心理和行为出现了深刻变迁。这些社会心理指标的变化反映了社会变迁带给人们的心理影响,其中一些指标的消极变迁趋势应该引起政府和社会的重视。

With the development of China’s economy and society,people’s social psychology may has been changing. The trends of social psychological change were summarized based on 25 cross-temporal meta-analysis studies about self and personality characteristics,interpersonal relationship,career psychology,fertility intention and fertility behavior,and subjective well-being in different populations. The results showed that college students’ social psychological indexes have been changing in both positive and negative ways;The levels of job burnout of teachers,doctors and nurses have been increasing;Obtained social support and subjective well-being of elderly people have been declining dramatically;Self-esteem of adolescents has been becoming lower;Residents’ fertility intention and fertility behavior have been also experiencing profound changes. The changes of these social psychological indexes reflect the impact of social changes on different populations. The negative changes of some of these indicators should be paid enough attention to by governments and relevant departments.