城市化进程中乡村景观的变迁与保护——以闽西古村落芷溪村为例

Changes and Protection of Rural Landscapes in the Process of Urbanization——Taking Zhixi Village,an Ancient Village in Western Fujian as an Example

【目的/意义】在城市化的进程中,乡村社会经济变化日新月异,传统乡村景观的变迁乃至衰退现象日趋严重,通过了解传统古村落乡村景观的变化与保护现状为乡村景观发展规划指明方向。【方法/过程】选择闽西山区的历史文化古村落芷溪村为研究对象,结合走访调查结果,探究乡村景观的变迁与保护,重点分析景观变迁的过程和特点,系统阐述该村现阶段的保护利用现状和衰退原因,提出发展建议。【结果/结论】芷溪村乡村景观变迁主要表现在:自然与生态遭受破坏;传统人文景观与意境正在散失;非物质文化景观与表现载体受到冲击。由城市化的发展所带来的土地利用方式变化、乡村人口结构转变、生产方式转型、乡村发展自发性和人们观念变化等是乡村景观变迁的主要原因。当前乡村景观的保护与发展需着重保护自然生态景观;注重乡村人文景观的保留与重构;要提高公众参与和保护意识;发挥古村落景观优势,适度发展特色旅游产业。

【Objective/Meaning】In the process of urbanization,the social and economic changes in rural areas are changing with each passing day,and the changes and even recession of traditional rural landscape are becoming increasingly serious.It is of positive significance to understand the changes and protection status of traditional rural landscape in ancient villages for the development planning of rural landscape.【Methods/Procedures】By choosing Zhixi Village,an ancient historical and cultural village in the western mountainous area of Fujian Province,as the research object in this study,the changes and protection of rural landscape were explored based on the results of the interview and questionnaire,and the process and characteristics of landscape change were analyzed,and then the current situation of protection and utilization and the causes of recession were systematically expounded.Last,the development suggestions were put forward.【Results/Conclusions】The changes in the rural landscape of Zhixi Village were mainly manifested in:nature and ecology were damaged;the traditional human landscape and artistic conception were losing;and the intangible cultural landscape and the carrier of expression were being impacted.The main reasons for the changes of rural landscapes were the change of land use mode,the change of rural population structure,the transformation of production mode,the spontaneity of rural development,and the change of people’s concept brought by the development of urbanization.At present,the protection and development of rural landscape should focus on the protection of natural ecological landscape and the preservation and reconstruction of rural human landscape;raising the awareness of public participation and protection,giving full play to the advantages of ancient village landscape,and moderately developing the characteristic tourism industry.