从“仁”发现人:孔子人本教育思想的建构

From “Benevolence” to the Discovery of Man: the Construction of Confucius’ Humanistic Educational Thought

“仁”是孔子思想体系的重要范畴,而由“仁”发现“人”,从“仁本”走向“人本”,是孔子教育思想体系建构的基本理路。孔子从仁本教育观出发,形成了“爱人”与以人为重的教育理念,并由此在教育内容方面呈现人本(文)主义教育色彩,即建立以“仁”“礼”为核心的世俗主义的教育内容;在教学方法方面凸现人的主观能动特性,即以启发诱导为主要特征的教学方法的运用;按照自励、励人的原则去形成具有强烈人本色彩的教师观,即以人影响人的方式去“爱人”和教人。孔子教育思想的人本化,其实就是教育体系的道德化,其终极指向是服务于德治社会的建设。

“Benevolence”is a crucial category of Confucius’ideological system,and the discovery of“man”from“benevolence”to"humanism"is the basic rational way to construct Confucius educational ideological system.From the view of benevolence-oriented education,Confucius formed the educational idea of“humanity”and people-oriented,and thus presented the humanism in the aspect of educational content,that is,to establish the secularist educational content with“benevolence”and“propriety”as the core,and to highlight the subjective dynamic characteristics of human beings in the aspect of teaching methods by the application of teaching methods characterized by inspiration and induction.,and according to the principle of self-encouragement and encouragement for others,to form the view of teacher with strong features of humanistic which is to“being humanistic”and to each people in the way that people put influence on each other.The humanism of Confucius educational thought is in fact the morality of the educational system,and it’s ultimately to serve the construction of the society governed by virtue.