江西铜鼓县客家方言语音特点

Phonetic Characteristics of Hakka Dialect in Tonggu County, Jiangxi Province

自明清以来,铜鼓县是客家人迁入集居地。闽籍客家方言在赣西北有较大的发展,如铜鼓永宁镇西湖村闽籍客家方言保存了闽西客家方言特点,如非组声母今读重唇声母,见组声母今读舌根声母,影母字不论洪细读零声母,次浊上与全浊上部分字归阴平,个别浊平字今读阴平调现象等。客家方言典型特点处在逐渐消失的发展状态;客家人与本地人两百年来杂居共处,方言接触融合,如知组三等与章组今读塞音声母,非组与晓匣母合口字声母今读唇齿擦音声母,来母拼细音今读塞音声母,溪母今读擦音现象,中古入声字韵尾演变规律,这些方言现象与发展特点说明赣西北客家方言同本地赣语呈现趋同的发展态势。

Tonggu County is a mountainous county at the northwest border of Jiangxi Province,which has been a Hakka settlement since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Based on the characteristics of Fujian Hakka dialect in Xihu Village of Yongning Town of Tonggu County,this paper tries to discuss the changes and development of Hakka dialect in northwest Jiangxi.Hakka dialect in northwest Jiangxi preserves the characteristics of Hakka dialect in West Fujian.For example,the MC Fei group pronounced as bilabial initials,the current pronunciation characteristics of the MC Jing group initials,the MC Ying initial pronounced as zero initial,the characteristics and evolution of the MC Zhuo shangsheng(rising tone)tone,the characteristics and evolution of the MC pingsheng(level tone)tone.Many typical characteristics are in the developing state of gradual blurring and disappearing.Hakka people in northwest Jiangxi have been living side by side with the local people for hundred years,and their dialects have developed in harmony with the dialect in northwest Jiangxi.For example,the current pronunciational characteristics of Zhi group 3 Deng and Zhang group initials,the current pronunciational characteristics of Fei group and Xiao group when spelling with\\[u\\]medial,the current pronunciational characteristics the MC Lai initial pronounced as stops when spelling the final with\\[i/y\\]medial,the MC Xi initial pronounced as fricative initials,the current pronunciational characteristics of the MC rusheng(entering tone)endings(i.e.p/t/k,consonant).The Hakka dialect in northwest Jiangxi shows a convergent development with the Jiangxi dialect.