利奥波德土地伦理对生态文明建设的启示——纪念《沙乡年鉴》出版七十周年

Enlightenment of Leopold’s “Land Ethics” on the Construction of Ecological Civilization:Commemorating the 70th Anniversary of the Publication of A Sand Courant Almanac

利奥波德土地伦理思想内涵丰富,主要包括:人与土地(即生态系统或自然)之间的关系是一种伦理关系;人必须学会“像山一样思考”;一件事如果有利于生命共同体的完整、稳定和美丽就是正当的,反之就是不正当的;仅当人类有了“生态良知”时,才能有效地维护生态健康。利奥波德是一位先知型思想家,其思想对我们今天的生态文明建设有诸多启示:人类必须保持“理智上的谦卑”,必须学会倾听大自然的声音,必须认识到人类经济系统是自然系统的子系统,人类对舒适的追求和对工具的发明、利用必须适度。利奥波德已意识到,人类仅有分析性的科学知识是不够的,必须以系统性的生态知识去补充分析性知识的不足。

Leopold's“land ethics”is rich in thoughts,mainly including:the relationship between man and land(i.e.,ecosystem or nature)is an ethical relationship;man must learn to“think like a mountain”;if there is one thing conducive to the integrity,stability and beauty of the community of life is justified,otherwise it is unjustified;only when human beings have an“ecological conscience”can they effectively maintain ecological health.Leopold is a prophettype thinker,and his thoughts have many implications for our ecological civilization today.He believes that mankind must maintain“rational humility”,must learn to listen to the voice of nature,must recognize that the human economic system is a subsystem of the natural system,and the pursuit of comfort and the invention and use of tools must be moderate.Leopold has realized that human beings only have analytical scientific knowledge is not enough,and they must complement the lack of analytical knowledge with systematic ecological knowledge.