基于多源空间数据的漳州市城市高温脆弱性评估

Evaluation of Urban High Temperature Vulnerability in Zhangzhou Based on Multi-source Spatial Data

【目的/意义】气候变化背景下高温热浪灾害频发,城市居民健康风险与社会经济损失问题凸显,进行城市高温脆弱性评估有助于高温热浪风险人群的识别,为相关防治政策提供有益借鉴。【方法/过程】基于“暴露性-敏感性-适应力”的脆弱性评估框架,运用遥感与GIS技术,提取并融合漳州市中心城区温度、河流、植被、用地、人口、医疗、住房等空间数据,系统评估漳州市城市高温脆弱性。【结果/结论】结果表明:漳州市中心城区高温脆弱性、暴露性与适应力在空间分布上均存在“核心-外围”结构,易损性总体呈现被水域、山体分割的空间布局;人口、经济等社会因素的高度集聚会增强地区人群的高温暴露性、易损性,该类地区公共基础设施完善,人群高温适应力相对较强;适应力在城市高温脆弱性评估中有决定性作用,政府可以推动相关政策优化公共医疗设施的布局,增加高温避暑设施,提高居民的高温适应能力,改善城市高温脆弱性格局。

【Objective/Meaning】Under the background of climate change,the disasters of high temperature and heat wave occurred frequently,and the health risks and social and economic losses of urban residents have become prominent.The vulnerability assessment of high temperature in cities was helpful for the identification of people at risk of high temperature and heat wave,thus to provide useful references for relevant prevention and control policies.【Methods/Procedures】Based on the vulnerability assessment framework of“exposure-sensitivity-adaptation”,the remote sensing and GIS technologies were used to extract and integrate the spatial data such as temperature,river,vegetation,land,population,medical treatment and housing in the central city of Zhangzhou to systematically evaluate the vulnerability of high temperature in Zhangzhou City.【Results/Conclusions】The results showed that:there were“core-periphery”structures in the spatial distribution of high temperature vulnerability,exposure and adaptability in the central city of Zhangzhou,and the vulnerability presented the spatial layout divided by water area and mountain.The high concentration of population,economy and other social factors would enhance the high temperature exposure and vulnerability of the population in such areas,where the public infrastructures were perfect,and the population was relatively strong in high temperature adaptation.The adaptability played a decisive role in the assessment of urban vulnerability to high temperature.Therefore,the government should promote relevant policies to optimize the layout of public medical facilities,increase high-temperature heat escape facilities,improve residents’ability to adapt to high temperature,and improve the pattern of urban vulnerability to high temperature.