美国大学招录标准评介及启示

Evaluation about College Admission Criteria in the United States and Its Implications

当前中国高校正在实施招生录取试点改革,美国是世界上高等教育最发达的国家,其大学招生录取标准值得借鉴.美国大学招生注重定量和定性与形成性和终结性评价相结合,彰显完整性评价取向,尤为重视形成性定量评价,招生具有标准但不完全囿于标准的格局.通过对美国大学招录标准的评析与归纳概括并结合中国大学招录现状,提出三大改革路径:构建完整性评价体系,提高人才选拔效度;深化综合评估改革,推进育人为本的落实;开发多样性标准系统,助力大学特色化发展.

The admission criteria of American universities emphasize the combination of quantitative and qualitative evaluation with formative and summative evaluation, highlighting the orientation of integrity evaluation, paying specially attention to the formation quantitative evaluation. It had formed a system which had criteria but not completely fixed criteria. By analyzing and summarizing the admission criteria of American universities and combining with the current situation of college admission in China, three paths for reform were proposed: constructed integrity evaluation system to improve the effectiveness of talent selection;deepened comprehensive evaluation reform to promote the implementation of education-oriented education;developed the diversity standard system to help the development of university characteristics.