明代的女真朝贡政策与辽东马市变迁

Tributary-paying of Jurchen Tribes and Frontier Market of Liaodong in Ming Dynasty

朝贡活动作为羁縻政策的重要内容,在明代与东北女真民族关系发展中扮演着重要角色。辽东边地互市贸易作为与入京朝贡相伴而生的交易活动,无论从空间还是功用角度来看都是朝贡活动的延展,其发展变化也总是受到明政府朝贡政策调整的影响。明前期朝贡政策的宽松直接带动了辽东马市交易的兴起,中期政策的紧缩倒逼了马市交易规模的扩大,后期政策的变化又促使了马市中以官方市场为主体的交易形式向相对自由的民间市场发展。

As an important part of“Jimi”policy,tributary-paying played an important role in the development of the relations between Jurchen tribes in the northeastern minority areas and the Ming Court.The trade in the border regions in Liaodong was the extension of the tributary-paying from the perspective of its space and function.In the meanwhile,its development and changes were always influenced by the tributary policy adjustment.In the early Ming Dynasty,the easy tribute policy directly led to the rise of frontier trade in Liaodong,while in the middle period,the tightening policy reversely forced the prosperity of frontier trade.The policy change in the later period promoted the frontier market to transform from the official market to the relatively free private market.