天生人成与礼术合一——荀子养生之道诠论

“Human Being’s Appearing After the Heaven’s Forming” And “The Integration of Li and Shu”——Exploration into Hsun-Tzu’s health preservation

个体生存曾作为百家争鸣的话题之一,成为先秦道家关注的核心问题。但这决不意味着儒家没有养生思想。钩沉荀子之先儒家学派的"养生"线索,可进而厘清儒家特有的养生思想脉络。荀子作为先秦思想的批判与熔铸者,也有着异常丰富的养生思想。概而言之,天生人成与礼术合一构成了荀子养生思想的两大支柱。其中,天生人成是荀子养生之道的基石,指向了其养生的丰富层面--身、心、性、情、欲。礼术合一是荀子养生之道的具体下贯与落实,指向了养生的具体理论。具体言之,礼术合一包含了礼以养体、礼以别异、礼以制欲的中和养生之道以及中和以养气、床第之私有度、莫善于诚、虚壹而静等诸多层面。

Individual survival was a topic of contention,and became the core issue of Taoism in the Pre-Qin Dynasty.But it does not mean that there is no idea of health care in Confucianism.The clue of the Confucian "health preservation" can then clarify the unique view of health preservation.Hsun-Tzu,a PreQin critic,also developed a wealth of health preservation.In a word,"Human Being’s Appearing After the Heaven’s Forming"and "The integration of Li and Shu"constitutes the two pillars of Hsun-Tzu’s opinion.The former becomes the cornerstone of the way of cultivation of Hsun-Tzu,including healthbody,heart,sex,emotion and desire.The latter is the practice and implementation of Hsun-Tzu’s principle of health preservation,which involves specific health preservation theories.Specifically speaking,"The integration of Li and Shu"covers many aspects,such as nourishing the body with propriety,differentiation with propriety,neutralizing the way of nourishing the body with propriety,neutralizing breath with propriety,private in bed,not good at sincerity,and being empty and quiet.