制度功能视角下责任保险中连带责任的承担

The Assumption of Joint and Several Liability in Liability Insurance from the Perspective of System Function

我国的司法实践中对连带责任是否属于责任保险的保险范围这一问题有着不同的看法,不同的裁判意见体现了不同的价值取向。本文通过研究连带责任与责任保险两种制度的功能价值,基于平衡保险人、被保险人、受害人的利益以及保障受害人利益优先的价值取向,肯定了连带责任属于责任保险的保险范围这一观点。此外,通过区分强制责任保险与自愿责任保险的受害人直接请求权以构建受害人损害赔偿的实现路径,并对保险法上的保险人代位求偿权进行解释适用,以使责任保险中已承担责任的保险人可以行使代位求偿权,从而更好地实现三方利益的平衡。

In judicial practice,there are different opinions on whether the joint and several liability fall into the insurance coverage of liability insurance.Different judgement opinions reflect different values.By studying the functional value of the joint and two liability and liability insurance systems,Focus on balancing the interests of insurers,insureds,and victims.Based on the value orientation of protecting the interests of victims,affirming the view that joint liability is the insurance scope of liability insurance.At the same time,it distinguishes the direct claims of victims of compulsory liability insurance and voluntary liability insurance to achieve the path of compensation for victims.Explain and apply the subrogation right of the insurer in the insurance law,so that the insurer who has assumed responsibility in liability insurance can exercise the subrogation right to achieve the balance of the three parties'interests.