间充质干细胞来源外泌体与再生医学：无细胞疗法临床应用的未来

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and regenerative medicine: outlook for future cell-free therapy in clinical practice

背景:外泌体是一种微小的膜性囊泡结构,是间充质干细胞旁分泌的重要组成部分,可将信息传递至损伤的细胞或组织从而参与组织再生。目的:将外泌体及其在再生医学中的研究进展进行综述。方法:在PubMed、CNKI数据库中进行相关文献检索,以“exosomes,mesenchymal stem cells,tissue regeneration and repair”及“外泌体,间充质干细胞,组织再生修复”为关键词进行检索,通过阅读文题和摘要进行初步筛选,排除与文章主题不相关的文献,最终纳入63篇文献进行结果分析。结果与结论:外泌体内含多种成分,其提取方法多样,具有清除废弃物质、介导细胞间信息传递、产生免疫耐受及作为肿瘤治疗疫苗等众多功能。间充质干细胞来源外泌体在组织再生与修复中发挥重要作用,具有较好的应用前景,但若要作为无细胞疗法投入临床使用,还需更多深入研究和探索。

BACKGROUND:Exosomes are tiny membrane vesicle structures that are an important paracrine component of mesenchymal stem cells.They can transmit information to damaged cells or tissues for regeneration.OBJECTIVE:To review the exosomes and their research process in regenerative medicine.METHODS:Databases of PubMed and CNKI were retrieved with the keywords of“exosomes,mesenchymal stem cells,tissue regeneration and repair”in English and Chinese,respectively.After initial screening of titles and abstracts,irrelevant articles were excluded,and 63 eligible articles were included for result analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Exosomes contain a variety of components,and their extraction methods are diverse.They have various functions,such as removing waste material,mediating information transfer between cells,generating immune tolerance and serving as a tumor treatment vaccine.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes play an important role in tissue regeneration and repair,and have good application prospects.However,if they are used as cell-free therapy in clinical practice,more in-depth research and exploration are needed.