周细胞在骨科治疗领域的应用潜力

Potentials of pericytes in orthopedics

背景:周细胞和其他血管周围干细胞在骨组织工程中越来越受到关注,长期以来周细胞被认为可调节血压和促进血管生成,然而现在认为其具有间充质干细胞的特征,包括多潜能、自我更新、免疫调节以及组织修复等多种功能,在骨折、骨不连、椎体融合、韧带断裂及软骨损伤等骨科常见疾病中展现出了强大的再生潜力。目的:总结周细胞在骨科中的相关应用,并探讨其作用机制与其本身存在的优缺点。方法:以“周细胞,血管周围干细胞,修复,治疗,骨科”为中文检索词,“Pericytes,Perivascular stem cells,repair,therapy,orthopedics”为英文检索词,在PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网及万方数据库中检索自建库到2019年8月关于周细胞治疗骨科疾病的文献,共检索到112篇相关文献,精读全文后最终选取55篇文献。结果与结论:①周细胞作为一种新兴的干细胞,已应用于众多的骨科疾病治疗研究中,并展现出了强大的治疗前景;②周细胞在人体内细胞来源丰富,无需体外培养获取细胞;③周细胞的修复作用机制主要以旁分泌介导为主,自身分化为辅,但其具体的机制仍不明确,有待进一步探究。

BACKGROUND:Pericytes and other perivascular stem cells are gaining increasing attention in bone tissue engineering.Pericytes have been long thought to regulate blood pressure and promote angiogenesis.However,it is now considered to have the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells,including pluripotency,self-renewal,immune regulation,and tissue repair,showing strong regenerative potential in common orthopedic diseases such as fractures,nonunion,vertebral fusion,ligament rupture,and cartilage injury.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the related applications of pericytes in orthopedics,and to explore mechanisms,strengths and limitations.METHODS:With“pericytes,perivascular stem cells,repair,therapy,orthopedics”as Chinese and English retrieval terms,we systematically searched databases including PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI and WanFang,from inception to August 2019 for the articles concerning the treatment of orthopedic diseases with pericytes.A total of 112 related documents were retrieved.After reading the full text,55 eligible documents were selected.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Pericytes are a kind of emerging stem cells that have been reported in many studies regarding the treatment of orthopedic diseases,and have a greatly therapeutic prospect.There are abundant pericytes in the body with no need for in vitro culture.The repair mechanism of pericytes is mainly related to paracrine mediation,with self-differentiation as a secondary mechanism.However,its specific mechanism remains unclear,which needs further investigations.