水上光伏电站现状及“一带一路”干旱区新模式

Current Situation of Floating Photovoltaic Power Station and New Model of One Belt and One Road Arid Area

近年来,水上光伏电站作为光伏发电新形式取得了一定的发展,尤其是在水资源丰富地区发展势头强劲,但在干旱地区还未得到大力推广。我国倡导的"一带一路"中的古丝绸之路沿线国家大多处于干旱和半干旱地区,推广和发展水上光伏电站,具有广阔的前景。本文总结了水上光伏电站的发展现状,并对其发展现状及优势进行评述,深入分析"一带一路"沿线的"中国-中亚-西亚经济走廊"大多数国家的年降雨量、年蒸发量及夏秋季节平均日照时间,探讨得出干旱区与半干旱区具有降水少、蒸发损失大、光能资源丰富的特点,水上光伏电站在干旱区与半干旱区具有较好的发展前景。结合干旱区与半干旱区特点,应用光伏发电技术与防蒸发技术,提出一种适用于干旱区与半干旱区"产能""节水""控盐"为一体的水上光伏电站新模式。

The floating photovoltaic power station which is served as a new type of photovoltaic power generation has achieved certain developments in recent years, especially in those areas with abundant water resources, however, its application in arid areas has not been widely popularized. The countries along the ancient Silk Road in the "The Belt and Road" initiated by China are mostly situated in arid and semi-arid regions. If the floating photovoltaic power stations can be popularized and developed, which would bring a broad development prospect and practical significance. This paper summarized the development status of floating photovoltaic power station at home and abroad, and made a comment about its current situation and advantages. According to an elaborate analysis of the annual precipitation, evaporation and average sunshine time in most countries along the route of "The Belt and Road" of China, central Asia and west Asian economic corridor, it proved that the arid and semi-arid areas had the characteristics of less precipitation, large evaporation loss and abundant light energy resources, which pointed out that water photovoltaic power station had great prospects for development in the arid and semi-arid areas. Combined with the characteristics of the arid and semi-arid areas, photovoltaic power generation technology and anti-evaporation technology, a new type of water photovoltaic power station consisting of capacity, water conservation and salt-controlling was proposed, which was applicable to arid and semi-arid areas.