水作为反应介质参与有机反应的研究进展

Progress of Water as Reaction Medium in Organic Reactions

水作为一种优秀的绿色溶剂,具有无毒无害、价格低廉、后处理简单快捷的特质,作为有机反应介质更符合“绿色化学”的要求。以水在反应过程中的作用、使用剂量为判断依据将有水参与的有机反应分类,综述了近年来有水参与的各类有机反应。探讨了水在有机反应中的不同应用和达成纯水相反应的可能性与努力方向,如修饰催化剂、使用高温水、使用相转移催化剂等方法。比较了水相反应与有机相反应的优劣,从绿色化学的角度阐明了水相反应的优越性,并简述了水相反应应用于工业化的部分实例。

As an excellent green solvent,water has the characteristics of non-toxic and harmless,low price and simple and quick treatment after experiment.As an organic reaction medium,it is more in line with the requirements of“green chemistry”.The role of water in the reaction process and the dosage used as the basis for the classification of organic reactions involving water are reviewed.The various organic reactions involving water in recent years are reviewed.The different applications of water in organic reactions and the possibility and efforts of achieving pure water phase reactions,such as modifying catalysts,using high temperature water,and using phase transfer catalysts are discussed.The advantages and disadvantages of the aqueous phase reaction and the organic phase reaction were compared.The superiority of the aqueous phase reaction is elucidated from the perspective of green chemistry,and some examples of the application of the aqueous phase reaction to industrialization are briefly described.