中西方主流媒体的国际议题话语权竞争——基于“华为危机事件”的实证分析

The Global Agenda-Building and Discourse Competition in the Mainstream Media of China and the West: An Empirical Analysis of the "Huawei Crisis"

本文探讨在国际冲突议题中,中西主流媒体如何进行国际议题建构和选择媒体框架,试图从实证角度分析中西主流媒体的话语权竞争。本次研究以"华为危机事件"为个案,选取10家中西主流媒体的英文报道和推特贴文内容进行量化分析,从六个维度分析中西主流媒体对国际冲突议题的话语权竞争。研究发现:中西主流媒体用相近的报道量、相似的议题主体和议题内容,建构出态度、立场完全不同的冲突议题,主要体现在关键时间节点、消息来源选择和媒体框架竞争等方面。相比较而言,西方主流媒体通过关键节点的"饱和报道",选择更具体代表性的"第三方"消息来源,成为其他媒体和社交媒体的优势信源,显示出更强的议题建构和设置能力;在框架竞争中,西方主流媒体的"强调框架效应"也产生更直接的受众效果,掌控更多的国际话语权。这些对中国主流媒体进行国际传播具有重要启示。

This paper explores how the mainstream media in China and the West can construct and select media frameworks in international conflict issues,trying to analyze the discourse power competition between Chinese and Western mainstream media from an empirical perspective.Taking"Huawei Crisis"as a case,this study selected 10 English and Chinese mainstream media’s English reports and Twitter posts to conduct quantitative analysis,and analyzed the discourse power competition between Chinese and Western mainstream media on international conflict issues from six dimensions.The study found that the mainstream media in China and the West used similar reports and topics to construct conflict issues with different attitudes and positions,mainly reflected in key time nodes,source selection and media framework competition.In contrast,Western mainstream media has selected more representative"third-party"sources through"saturated reports"of key nodes,becoming the dominant source of other media and social media,showing stronger ability to build agenda.In the framework competition,the"emphasis framing effect"of the mainstream media in the West also produces a more direct audience effect and controls more international discourse power.These have important implications for the International communication of Chinese mainstream media.