含羟基的季铵盐型三聚表面活性剂的合成及性能评价

Synthesis and performance evaluation of quaternary ammonium salt trimeric surfactants containing hydroxyl groups

以丙三醇,环氧氯丙烷、叔胺为原料通过醚化反应、季铵化反应合成了一种季铵盐型三聚表面活性剂(3C14triQ),应用FTIR和1H NMR对目标产物结构进行了表征。采用表面张力法、电导率法、稳态荧光法对目标产物的表面活性进行了研究,25℃临界胶束浓度分别为0.082(γcmc=30.2 mN/m)、0.087、0.085 mmol/L,与传统表面活性剂和二聚表面活性剂相比具有较好的表面活性;采用分水时间法考察了目标产物的乳化性能,并结合偏光显微镜和激光粒度仪研究了乳液粒径情况,结果表明其乳化性能优于传统表面活性剂,煤油乳液粒径为1481~3574nm,平均粒径为2638 nm。w(3C14triQ)=1%的溶液起泡高度为24.6cm,稳泡性为97.15%。在1mol/L HCl缓蚀介质中,ρ(3C14triQ)=50 mg/L,缓蚀效率可达到95.2%。

A quaternary ammonium trimeric surfactant was synthesized from glycerol,epichlorohydrin and tertiary amine by etherification and quaternization reactions,and the structure of the target product was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR.The surface activity of the target product was studied by methods of surface tension,conductivity and steady-state fluorescence,and the results showed that their critical micelle concentrations(cmc)were 0.082(γcmc=30.2 mN/m),0.087 and 0.085 mmol/L at 25℃,respectively.They are better surface activities than those of traditional surfactants and dimeric surfactants.The emulsifying properties of the trimeric surfactant were investigated by the water-splitting time method,and the particle size and size distribution of kerosene emulsion were studied with a polarizing microscope and a laser particle size analyzer.The results show that emulsifying properties of a trimeric surfactant are better than those of the conventional surfactant(C 14 TAB).The particle size range of kerosene emulsion is between 1481 and 3574 nm,and the average particle size is 2638 nm.Tests for foaming properties show that the foaming height of 1%product solution is 24.6 cm,and the foam stability is 97.15%.In 1 mol/L HCl corrosion inhibitor medium,the corrosion inhibition was carried out when the target product concentration was 50 mg/L and the efficiency can reach 95.2%.