扬高戏声腔考及其活态传承——兼谈乡村振兴战略下稀有剧种的保护路径

The Tune of Yanggao Opera and Its Living Inheritance: on the Protection of Rare Opera Genres under the Rural Revitalization Strategy

扬高戏是明清时期在中原地区俗曲小令的基础上形成的地方剧种,在音乐唱腔上属于弦索腔系统曲牌体。扬高戏产生后,曾广泛流传、盛极一时,至民国年间,豫晋交界一带还活跃十几个民间职业戏班常年演出。“戏改”后扬高戏演出逐渐衰落,剧团数量逐年减少,21世纪以来,其活态传承载体只剩下了一支摇摇欲坠的草根民间班社,2006年扬高戏被列入省级非遗保护名录。党的十九大提出实施乡村振兴战略,乡村文化成为重要建设内容。在此有利政策下,大力扶植乡村本土剧团,扶植有着深厚民众基础的稀有剧种演出,就成为了一条既可以丰富乡村文化、又可以传承稀有剧种的有效路径。

Yanggao Opera evolved from the folk songs and short lyrics in the Central Plains in the period of Ming and Qing Dynasties.After its emergence,it was once prevalent till the Republic of China when more than ten professional folk troupes performed all year round in the bordering areas between Yu(Henan province)and Jin(Shanxi province).After the movement of Drama Improvement,Yanggao Opera declined gradually with the number of troupes decreasing annually.In the new century,there is only one shaky grassroots folk troupe for its living inheritance and it was put in the list of the provincial intangible cultural heritage.After the 19th National Congress put forward the Rural Revitalization Strategy,rural culture becomes an important construction content.Under this favorable strategy,local rural troupes have been greatly supported,especially those performances of rare opera genres with profound folk foundation,which has been an effective path to enrich rural culture and to keep the rare opera genres.