基于“奖励制度”的DPoS共识机制改进

Improvement of DPoS Consensus Mechanism Based on Positive Incentive

共识机制是区块链技术的核心。授权股权证明(Delegated Proof-of-Stake,DPoS)作为一种共识机制,其中每个节点都能够自主决定其信任的授权节点,从而实现快速共识验证。但DPoS机制仍然存在着节点投票不积极以及节点腐败的安全问题。针对这两个问题,文中提出了基于奖励的DPoS改进方案,投票奖励用以激励节点积极参与投票,举报奖励用以激励节点积极举报贿赂节点。Matlab仿真结果表明,投票奖励方法的引入提高了节点投票的积极性。与原始DPoS共识机制下投票节点数占比45%~50%相比,两种投票奖励方法使得参与投票节点数占比分别增加至65%~70%以及55%~60%。相比原始DPoS共识机制下不接受贿赂节点占比会随着恶意节点贿赂力度的加大而不断减少的情况,举报奖励方法的引入使得选择举报节点的占比出现了明显增加,在投票轮数为20的情况下,选择举报节点的总占比可以增至54%。实验结果表明,奖励制度的引入不但能够提高节点投票的积极性,而且增强了普通节点对恶意节点的贿赂抵抗性,使恶意节点成“代理人节点”的概率变小,保障了网络安全性。

Consensus mechanism is the key of block chain technology.In the DPoS consensus mechanism,each node can indepen-dently determine its trusted authorization nodes,and these authorization nodes will take turns to generate new blocks for rapid consensus verification.But DPoS still has security problems such as inactive voting and node corruption.Aiming at these two problems,this paper proposed an improved DPoS scheme based on reward incentive.The evoting rewardr is used to encourage nodes to actively participate in the process of voting and the ereporting rewardr is used to encourage common nodes to report bribery nodes.The Matlab simulation experiments show that the introduction of voting reward improves the voting enthusiasm of nodes.Compared with the original DPoS consensus mechanism,in which the number of voting nodes accounts for 45%to 50%,the introduction of two different voting reward methods increases the number of voting nodes to 65%to 70%and 55%to 60%respectively.Compared with the original DPoS consensus mechanism,in which the proportion of nodes that do not accept bribes will decrease as the bribery of malicious nodes increases,the introduction of the reporting reward method makes the proportion of choosing reporting nodes increase significantly,and the proportion of choosing reporting nodes can increase to 54%when the number of voting rounds is 20.The experiment results show that the improved DPoS mechanism can not only make more nodes vote,but also enhance the bribery resistance of the common nodes,so that the probability of malicious nodes becoming the“trustee”becomes smaller,thus ensuring the security of the network.