江湖英雄：宋代“富民”阶层追求的另一种表达图式——以《水浒传》为考察对象

Heroes in Jianghu: Another Expression Pattern of the Social Pursuit of the Rich People in Song Dynasty——Taking Water Margin as the object of investigation

《水浒传》是以富民为主角、以富民无处不在为社会背景所展开的文本写作,这正是宋代"富民"阶层崛起、"富民社会"逐步形成的历史图景的文学叙事。《水浒传》所描述的富民并非"由富而贵"实现阶层上升的群体,而是力图"以富求贵"却难以达到目标的群体。他们大多数人走向为吏之路,说明了"富民"阶层在成长过程中寻求社会地位上升之路并不容易,他们试图通过多元化的选择在基层社会获取更好的生存环境和一定的社会地位。当这些努力未能达到目标时,他们剑走偏锋试图走"造反招安"之路达到"做大官"之目标。《水浒传》"造反招安"的故事叙述,深刻反映了宋以来中国传统社会"富民"阶层对社会地位的不懈追求。

Water Margin is a text written under the social background of the rich people and their omnipresence, and it is a literary narrative of the emerging of the rich class and the gradual formation of the rich society in the Song Dynasty. The rich people described by Water Margin are not the group who "rise from the rich to the noble", but the groups who try to "seeking the noble with the rich" but are difficult to achieve the goal. Most of them went to the road of being officials, which showed that it was not easy for the rich people to seek the way of rising in social status during the growth process,and they tried to obtain a better living environment and certain social status in the grass-roots society through diversified choices. When these approaches failed to achieve their goals, they tried to take the path of rebellion to achieve the goal of becoming a high official. Water Margin tells a story of rebel against the laws of the marsh and be embraced terminally, which reflects the pursuit of social status of the rich people in the traditional Chinese society since the Song Dynasty.