儿童计划免疫预防接种依从性影响因素分析

Analysis of influencing factors for children’s compliance with planned immunization and vaccination

目的儿童计划免疫主要根据针对儿童健康存在危害的传染性疾病,通过一定程序注射安全的疫苗,从而提高儿童免疫力,预防相应传染病。近几年,临床儿童计划免疫预防接种依从性并不高。本研究对影响儿童计划免疫预防接种依从性的相关因素进行分析,并制定相关对策,旨在提高其依从性,保证儿童健康安全。方法随机选取2017-01-08于大码头中心卫生院(270名)和东营市第二人民医院(230名)进行预防接种的500名儿童,并采取调查问卷的形式对儿童的家属进行调查,多因素分析应用Logistic多元回归,分析儿童计划免疫预防接种依从性的影响因素,并提出相关对策。结果500名需要进行计划免疫预防接种的儿童中,依从217名(43.40%),不依从283名(56.60%);卡介苗、脊灰疫苗、乙肝疫苗、麻疹疫苗和百白破疫苗接种率分别为97%、96%、98%、96%和98%,及时接种率分别为93%、94%、90%、92%和91%。单因素分析结果显示,居住类型(χ^2=6.321,P=0.012)、儿童父母文化程度(χ^2=9.611,P=0.002)、儿童父母月收入(χ^2=7.610,P=0.006)、接种态度(χ^2=4.247,P=0.039)和疫苗接种卡办理(χ^2=10.897,P=0.001)是儿童计划免疫预防接种依从性影响因素。Logistic回归分析结果显示,居住类型(OR=2.103,95%CI为1.627~3.453,P<0.001)、儿童父母文化程度(OR=5.233,95%CI为1.883~9.846,P=0.003)、接种态度(OR=2.734,95%CI为1.628~3.658,P=0.002)和疫苗接种卡办理(OR=2.095,95%CI为1.438~6.127,P=0.004)是影响儿童计划免疫预防接种依从性的独立危险因素。结论常住、儿童父母文化程度高、对接种重视以及及时办理疫苗接种卡的儿童其计划预防接种依从性高。

OBJECTIVE Children's planned immunization is based on infectious diseases that are harmful to children's health,and a safe vaccine is injected through certain procedures to improve children's immunity and prevent corresponding infectious diseases.In recent years,the compliance of clinical children with immunization vaccination is not high.This study analyzes factors related to the compliance of children's planned immunization vaccination and formulates relevant countermeasures to improve their compliance and ensure children's health and safety.METHODS Totally 500children were randomly selected for vaccination in Guangrao County Damatou Central Health Center(270),Second People's Hospital of Dongying(230)from January to August,2017.The children's families were surveyed by questionnaires.Multivariate analysis applied logistic multiple regression equation to analyze the influencing factors of children's planned immunization vaccination compliance,and proposed related countermeasures.RESULTS Of the 500children who needed planned immunization vaccination,217(43.40%)were compliant and 283(56.60%)were not compliant.The vaccination rates of BCG,polio vaccine,hepatitis B vaccine,measles vaccine and DTP were 97%,96%,98%,96%and 98%,timely vaccination rates were 93%,94%,90%,92%and 91%.Univariate analysis showed that living type(χ^2=6.321,P=0.012),parental education(χ^2=9.611,P=0.002),monthly income of children's parents(χ^2=7.610,P=0.006),vaccination attitude(χ^2=4.247,P=0.039),vaccination card processing(χ^2=10.897,P=0.001)is the influencing factor of children's planned immunization vaccination compliance.Logistic regression analysis showed that living type(OR=2.103,95%CI:1.627-3.453,P<0.001),children's parental education(OR=5.233,95%CI:1.883-9.846,P=0.003),vaccination Attitude(OR=2.734,95%CI:1.628-3.658,P=0.002),vaccination card processing(OR=2.095,95%CI:1.438-6.127,P=0.004)is the impact of children's planned immunization vaccination compliance Independent risk factors.CONCLUSION Children who have permanent residence,high level of parental education,pay more attention to vaccination,and establish vaccination cards timely have high compliance with planned vaccination.