上海市虹梅社区婴幼儿营养性疾病影响因素调查分析

Analysis of nutritional diseases influence factors among infant in Hongmei community,Shanghai

目的探讨上海市虹梅社区发生婴幼儿营养性疾病的影响因素,为优化社区婴幼儿营养性疾病的管理模式提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性调查的方式,收集2013~2017年社区0~3岁婴幼儿保健相关资料,通过描述性统计和Logistic二元回归对婴幼儿营养性疾病的发生、分类、顺位及其影响因素进行分析,筛选和确定社区发生婴幼儿营养性疾病的重点因素。结果0~3岁婴幼儿中,有30.93%(459/1484)的婴幼儿发生了营养性疾病,其中男童的发生率略高于女童(χ^2=4.706,P<0.05);营养性疾病分类的顺位情况依次是超重、缺铁性贫血、肥胖、营养不良、佝偻病及生长迟缓,排列前两位的超重和缺铁性贫血分别为18.60%和11.93%;营养性疾病的发生主要在0~12月龄的低年龄段;影响其发生的因素分别是喂养方式、婴儿出生时体质量、婴幼儿性别及父母体质指数(BMI),其中,喂养方式、婴儿出生时体质量及父母BMI为营养性疾病发生的重点因素。结论关注孕妇BMI的控制和婴儿的科学喂养是早期预防婴幼儿营养性疾病的关键。

Objective To analyze the influence factors of nutrition diseases among infant in Hongmei community in Shanghai so as to provide scientific basis for optimizing the nutritional diseases management mode of infants.Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to collect health data in children age between 0 to 3 years old children in Hongmei community from 2013 to 2017.To determine the key factors,descriptive statistics and Logistic binary regression were used to analyze the incidence rate,classification,sequence and influence factors of nutritional diseases.Results Among children in this age group,30.93%(459/1484)have suffered from nutritional diseases and the incidence rate in boys was slightly higher than girls(χ2=4.706,P<0.05);The sequence of nutritional diseases classifications were overweight,iron-deficiency anemia,obesity,malnutrition,rickets and growth retardation.The incidence of the top two(overweight and irondeficiency anemia)were 18.60%and 11.93%,respectively.The incidence rate was mainly concentrated in younger age range of 0-12 months with the influence factors of feeding pattern,birth weight,gender and parental BMI index.Feeding pattern,birth weight and parental BMI index were considered as the main points.Conclusion Attention to the control of the BMI index of pregnant and the scientific feeding of infants are keys to the early prevention of infant nutritional diseases.