全球华人网络的出口贸易效应及其影响机制研究

Study on the Export Effect of Global Chinese Ethnic Network and its Mechanisms

文章利用全球131个国家(或地区)的华人网络和贸易数据,考察了华人网络对国家之间出口贸易的影响,通过区分华人网络中的直接联系与间接联系,检验了移民偏好机制和移民信息机制的有效性。研究结果表明:华人网络不仅会通过直接联系促进中国对海外华人所在国出口贸易的增长,而且会通过间接联系带动海外华人所在国之间出口贸易规模的扩大;移民信息机制是华人网络促进国家之间出口贸易增长的主要机制,但是,华人网络会同时通过移民信息机制和移民偏好机制促进差异化商品和资本品出口贸易增长。进一步的研究发现,发达国家移民网络的出口贸易创造效应普遍高于发展中国家,华人网络的出口贸易创造效应明显高于其他发展中国家。因此,中国不仅要重视海外华人在促进中国出口发展中的重要作用,而且要积极地引进国际人才特别是来自发达国家的国际人才,通过参与其他国家的移民网络构建中国与世界各国的联系,促进中国出口贸易稳定增长。

Based on the data of Chinese ethnic network and bilateral trade in 131 countries,this paper investigates the impact of Chinese ethnic network on the export trade between countries.We also test the effectiveness of the immigration preference mechanism and the immigration information mechanism by distinguishing the direct and indirect links in the Chinese ethnic network.The results show that the Chinese ethnic network promotes the growth of China’s export through direct link to receiving countries of overseas Chinese,it also promotes the expansion of exports between receiving countries through indirect link.The immigration information mechanism is the significant mechanism through which Chinese ethnic network promotes exports between countries.By contrast,Chinese ethnic network promotes the exports of differentiated products and capital goods through immigration information mechanism and immigration preference mechanism.Further analysis shows that the export-creating effect of migration network in developed countries is generally higher than that in developing countries.The export-creating effect of Chinese ethnic network is significantly higher than that of other developing countries.Therefore,China should not only attach importance to the role of overseas Chinese in promoting the development of China’s exports,but also actively introduce international talents especially for those from developed countries.By participating in the immigration network of other countries,China can build economic and trade relations with other countries and promote the steady growth of exports.