北京地区急性呼吸道感染病例肺炎支原体流行病学特征研究及其对策

Study on Epidemic Characteristics of M.Pneumonia in Patients withAcute Respiratory Tract Infection in BeijingArea and Its Countermeasures

目的:研究北京地区急性呼吸道感染病例肺炎支原体(M.Pneumonia)流行病学特征及其防控措施。方法:抽取2017年1月-2018年12月间北京地区各医院就诊的急性呼吸道感染患者标本14326份,分析采用实时荧光PCR法检测的痰、鼻咽抽吸物等呼吸道样本中肺炎支原体及其基因型别的检测结果,并经χ2检验比较各标本中基因型肺炎支原体阳性率的统计学意义。结果:14326份样本中,检出肺炎支原体660例,其阳性率为4.61%,其中P1-Ⅰ、P1-Ⅱ和未分型阳性样本依次为235份、229份、196份;P1-Ⅰ和P1-Ⅱ型阳性率经组间比较其差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);男性病例阳性率(4.46%)低于女性(5.17%()P<0.05);阳性率最高年龄组与最低年龄组分别为>6~15岁和>60岁,不同年龄组阳性率经组间比较其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肺炎患者中肺炎支原体阳性率高于急性上呼吸道感染(P<0.05)。结论:北京地区急性呼吸道感染患者中,P1-Ⅰ、P1-Ⅱ肺炎支原体感染高发群体主要为女性、青少年及>6~15岁儿童;肺炎支原体感染患者的易感基因型与患者年龄有关,并且仍然是肺炎支原体的主要诱发因素,应根据其诱发因素采取科学有效的防控措施,遏制其流行。

Objective:To study the epidemic characteristics of M.Pneumonia in acute respiratory infections(ARI)in Beijing area and to provide scientific and effective prevention and control methods.Methods:14326 samples of patients with acute respiratory infection admitted to hospitals in Beijing from January 2017 to December 2018 were collected.The results of M.Pneumonia and its genotype in sputum,nasopharyngeal aspiration and other respiratory tract samples detected by real-time PCR were analyzed.The positive rate of M.Pneumonia genotype was compared by using Chi-square test.Results:Of the 14326 samples,M.Pneumonia was detected in 660 cases,the positive rate was 4.61%,among them P1-Ⅰ,P1-Ⅱand not parting positive samples in the order of 235,229 and 196.P1-Ⅰand P1-Ⅱpositive rate by comparing the differences between groups had no statistical significance(P>0.05).The positive rate of male cases(4.46%)was lower than that of female cases(5.17%)(P<0.05).The age group with the highest positive rate and the lowest positive rate were between greater than 6 to 15 years old and greater than 60 years old respectively.The positive rate of M.Pneumonia was higher than that of acute upper respiratory tract infection(P<0.05).Conclusion:In the Beijing area in patients with acute respiratory tract infection,P1-Ⅰ,P1-ⅡM.Pneumonia infection high-risk groups were mainly for women,youth and between greater than 6 to 15 years old children.The susceptibility genotype of M.Pneumonia infection is related to the patient’s age,and is still the main inducer of mycoplasma pneumoniae.Scientific and effective prevention and control measures should be taken according to its inducing factors to curb its prevalence.