商周地名的来源与衍化及其史学价值——以甲骨、金文资料为中心

The Derivation of Place Names of Shang and Zhou Dynasties and Their Historical Value: Based on Oracle and Bronze Inscriptions

传统的商周地名研究由于文献记载不足,面临诸多困难。随着考古与古文字学科的快速发展,新发现的商周甲骨、金文地名材料已经相当可观。通过对这些新地名史料研究,可以发现商周地名的来源及其发展衍化的一些基本规律。商周地名的主要来源有部族名号、人名、旧地名孳生新地名、异地同名、同地异名等。进一步研究发现,商周地名存在随时代变迁而转化为其他类别专用名称的衍化现象。商周地名的衍化规律有:普通地名演变为国邑名,地名、国名演变为姓氏,地名演变为人名等;对商周金文地名的来源与衍化规律进行梳理与归纳,对于汉语专名词汇的发展演变、商周国族、姓氏研究、先秦历史文化研究等均有重要史学价值。

The traditional research on Shang and Zhou place names faces difficulties due to insufficient documentation.With the rapid development of archaeology and philology,the number of newly discovered place names in oracle and bronze inscriptions is considerable.Through a research on them,we can find out their derivation.The main origins of place names in Shang and Zhou are tribal names,names of persons,new names derived from old names,one name for different places and different names for one places and so on.Further research shows that the place names of Shang and Zhou change into other names with the change of times.The rules of the derivation of place names in Shang and Zhou are as follows:common place names change for the city names,place names and country names change for surnames,place names change for names of persons and so on.The research has significance to study of the history of Chinese special names,names of Shang and Zhou nations and families,and Pre-Qin history and culture.