元代灞桥工程技术探析

Research on the Engineering Technology of Bahe Bridge in Yuan Dynasty

2004年12月,陕西省考古研究所在隋唐灞桥遗址西发掘出一处古灞桥遗址,并初步判断始建于元代。在系统梳理历史文献及与考古发掘资料逐一核对之后,确认此桥为元灞桥无疑。元代灞桥继承隋唐灞桥的基本工程技术,又借由两宋以来桥梁技术的进步而有所改良,使之成为相当先进的造桥技术。明代以及清康熙年间的重修工程仍然在元灞桥的基础上展开,但缺少对元灞桥技术的进一步改良。随着明清以来灞河下游泥沙淤积加剧,元灞桥终遭废弃。

In December 2004,Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology unearthed an ancient Bahe bridge site in the west of Sui and Tang dynasties,and preliminarily judged that it was built in the Yuan Dynasty.According to the archaeological data and the documentation about the construction of the Bahe Bridge in the Yuan Dynasty,we can confirm that the bridge is the one that built by Liu Bin in the early Yuan Dynasty.The Bahe bridge in Yuan Dynasty inherited the bridge constructed in Sui and Tang dynasty in shape and engineering technology,and developed in view of the progress of bridge technology since Song Dynasty.The design and shape adopted by Bahe bridge in Yuan dynasty once represented more advanced bridge-building technology.However,in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,due to the aggravation of sediment deposition in the lower reaches of the Bahe River,the defects of the bridge itself began to highlight,and the bridge were often damaged.The reconstruction projects in Ming Dynasty and Kangxi Period of Qing Dynasty did not break through the mode of the shape and technology of Yuan bridge.Eventually,this bridge,which lasted for more than 500 years,was replaced by a new bridge and abandoned at last.