汉语儿童早期典型句末语气词获得研究

A Case Study on Acquisition of Early Typical Sentence Final Particles in Chinese Children

基于"汉语儿童多模态口语语料库",采用综合句类和言语意图分类的方法,把有语气词出现的句子分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四大类,分别描述汉语个案儿童对于"啊""吧""的""了""吗""呢"六个典型句末语气词的早期获得过程,试图揭示儿童早期典型句末语气词的获得顺序、发展规律与影响因素。经研究发现,儿童首先获得的语气词是"啊",之后依次是"吧""呢""了""的""吗";最先获得的是陈述语气和祈使语气,然后获得疑问语气和感叹语气。语言获得的内容与儿童的认知水平相一致,也是从简单到复杂。同时,成人语言输入在儿童语言获得中扮演着重要的角色。

This paper describes the acquisition process of six early typical SFP(sentence final particles),and the sentence structures and patterns which the sentence final particles could co-occurring order to reveal the acquisition sequence, early childhood development rules and the contributing factors of typical SFP. This article concludes that children first acquire the indicative sentences and imperative sentences, and then acquire the interrogative sentences and exclamatory sentences. Consistent with the cognitive level of children, the content of language acquisition is from simple to complex. In addition, adult language input plays an important role in children’s language acquisition.