宇宙环境新认知——有关2019年度诺贝尔物理学奖的理解

New perspectives of our universe——Thoughts about the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics

2019年度诺贝尔物理学奖同时授予了系外行星和宇宙学领域,以表彰天文学家米歇尔·梅耶(Michel Mayor)与迪迪尔·奎罗兹(Didier Queloz)在系外行星发现上做出的突出贡献,以及理论宇宙学家詹姆斯·皮布尔斯(James Peebles)从理论角度为现代宇宙学物理体系的建立做出的杰出贡献.诺贝尔奖委员会给出的理由是“为我们理解宇宙的演化和地球在宇宙中的位置做出的贡献”,以他们3人为代表的科学家们为人类在现代科学的框架下重新认识自身与宇宙的关系提供了重要思路.一方面,让人类重新思考我们所生活的这个星球在宇宙中是否是独一无二的,对探索系外宜居星球和寻找外星生命非常重要;另一方面,使我们能够更加精准地把握宇宙演化的历史脉络,更加清楚地了解我们生活的这个宇宙的前世今生.

The 2019 Nobel Prize was awarded to the research of exoplanets and cosmology in recognition of the discovery of astronomers Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz on the discovery of exoplanets and the outstanding contributions of theoretical cosmologist James Peebles to the establishment of the physical system of modern cosmology from a theoretical perspective.The reason given by the Nobel Committee is“for contributions to our understanding of the evolution of the universe and Earth’s place in the cosmos”.The scientists represented by the three of them provide important ideas on re-recognizing the relationship between ourselves and the universe in the framework of modern physics.On the one hand,it is important for humans to rethink whether the planet we live in is unique in the universe.It is very important for us to explore the outer world of livable planets and to find extraterrestrial life.On the other hand,we can accurately grasp the evolution of the universe.The historical context allows us to understand more clearly the past and present of this universe in which we live.Among the three scientists,experimental astronomer Meyer and Queloz discovered the Pegasus 51b,the first exoplanet discovered by human beings which run around the solar like star Pegasus 51;and theoretical cosmology Pebble has made a key theoretical contribution in the critical aspects of modern cosmology,such as Big Bang Nucleosynthesis,dark matter,cosmic microwave background(CMB)radiation and large-scale structure formation.He is the iconic leader in the era of precise cosmology.