国家创新力减退了吗?——基于全球创新指数的研究

Has the National Innovation Declined? Enlightenment from the Global Innovation Index

根据康奈尔大学、欧洲工商管理学院、世界知识产权组织(WIPO)等机构发布的年度全球创新能力指数(GII)得分和排名来看,国家的绝对创新能力和相对排名普遍出现波动,创新乏力已成为国家发展的主要风险之一,认识创新乏力及政府的作用对于国家发展意义重大。通过GII定义"创新乏力",以99个国家和经济体为研究对象,试图使用Logit模型来探索创新乏力风险的影响因素以及政府对于防范该风险的作用,发现完善的市场机制和人力资本的提升能显著降低创新乏力发生的概率,因此,政府需转变传统的创新支持方式,因为为创新营造良好的制度环境和提升人力资本比盲目扩大一般基础设施建设、纯粹增加政府R&D支出更有效。此外,进一步对促进中国创新发展提出建议:一是坚定不移地深化改革国家创新治理体系;二是培育包容友好的社会环境;三是以人为本构建具有活力和创造力的人才体系。

According to the annual global innovation capability index(GII)scores and rankings published by Cornell University,the European School of Business Administration,the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO)and others,the country's absolute innovation capacity and relative rankings are generally fluctuating,and the emergence of innovation decline has become one of the main risks to national development,recognizing the innovation decline and the role of government is of great significance to national development.This paper defines"innovation decline"through GII,focuses on" countries and economies,and tries to use Logit model to explore the influence factors of innovation decline risk and the role of government in preventing this risk.It is found that perfect market mechanism and promotion of human capital can significantly reduce the probability of innovation decline,therefore,the government needs to change the traditional way of innovation support,because it is more effective to create a good institutional environment for innovation and promote human capital than to blindly expand general infrastructure and increase government R&D expenditure.In addition,further suggestions on promoting innovation and development in China:one is to unswervingly deepen the reform of the national innovative governance system,the other is to foster an inclusive and friendly social environment,and the third is to put people first to build a dynamic and creative talent system.