清代杂剧研究格局的现代构建与反思——以民国时期戏曲史著为考察对象

The Modern Construction and Re-Examination of Studies of the Qing-Dynasty Zaju

民国伊始,现代学术史意义上的戏曲史著不断问世。这些著作对清代杂剧的发展历程作了初步梳理,并对其中的一些问题,如杂剧抒情性的强化与自况体杂剧的出现、短剧的繁荣与文人剧的成熟、北曲的存留与南曲的发达、曲谱的修撰与杂剧的衰落等,均作了较为深入的探讨,厘清了清杂剧发展中的一些史实,有其历史成就,也有不足与缺陷。论文对民国时期的杂剧史研究加以学术史反思,从明确戏曲观与戏曲史观、强化杂剧专题研究、加强杂剧史料文献搜集与整理、拓展杂剧研究领域等方面,对今后清杂剧研究与杂剧史撰写提出建议。

Since the early Republic of China,modern academic research on Xiqu history has been published. The works have made preliminary reviews on the development of zaju in the Qing Dynasty,and made in-depth discussions on topics such as the growing expressiveness of personal emotions in zaju,the burgeoning of autobiographical Xiqu,the popularity of playlets and the sophistication of scholarly Xiqu,the remains of the northern Xiqu and the prosperity of the southern Xiqu,the recording of the operatic scores,and the decline of zaju. They have also clarified some historical facts in the development of the Qing-Dynasty zaju. The works boast some achievements but they have some defects as well. This paper reflects on the studies of the history of zaju in the period of the Republic of China,and provides suggestions for future studies of the Qing-Dynasty zaju and the history of zaju. The suggestions are related to clarifying ideas of traditional Xiqu and ideas of the history of traditional Xiqu,stressing research focused on zaju,encouraging the collection and edition of historical materials on zaju,and broadening the horizon of zaju studies.