高寒缺氧矿区草原生态恢复探究——以青海省木里煤田为例

Study on Ecological Restoration of Grassland in Alpine and Anoxic Mining Areas——Taking the Muli Coalfield in Qinghai Province as an Example

青海省德令哈市木里煤田属高海拔高寒缺氧地区,草地受采矿干扰易退化,排土场堆放使其难以形成有效植被覆盖。针对这一问题,进行了高海拔高寒缺氧矿区草原生态恢复探究:对废弃排土场进行削坡、整平处理;遵循气候环境适应性原则,选择经济效益较高的5种高原植物;混合播种,基材土为当地高原草甸土。施工一年后形成了较为稳定的植物群落,根系发达,在海拔4200m的高寒地区自然状态下出苗率可达60%以上,越冬率达96%。该植被恢复技术可在青藏高原地区交通建设、城市建设、环境保护等领域的生态修复和地质灾害防治工程中推广应用。

The Muli coalfield in Delingha City,Qinghai Province locates in an alpine and anoxic area.The grassland is easily degraded by mining disturbances,and is difficult to form effective vegetation cover due to the dumping site.According to this problem,the ecological restoration of grassland in alpine and anoxic area was studied.Slope cutting and leveling treatment was carried out for dumping site.5 kinds of plateau plants with high economic benefits were selected in accordance with the principle of climate and environment adaptability.Mixed sowing was carried out,and the local plateau m eadow soil was used as base soil.After one year of construction,a relatively stable plant community was formed,and the root system was developed.In the alpine region with altitude of 4,200 m,the emergence rate was over 60% and the wintering rate was 96% in natural state.The vegetation restoration technology can be popularized and applied in ecological restoration and geological disaster prevention and control projects in the fields of traffic construction,urban construction and environmental protection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.