动物源性水产品中兽药残留限量标准现状及对比分析

Current situations and comparative analysis of veterinary medicine on maximum residue limits in animal-derived aquatic products between China and other countries

为进一步完善中国动物源性水产品中兽药残留限量(MRL)标准体系,减少水产品贸易技术壁垒,提高中国水产品质量安全水平和国际竞争力,文章对中国、国际食品法典委员会(CAC)、欧盟(EU)、海湾阿拉伯国家合作委员会(GCC)、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、韩国、智利及新西兰等国家、地区和国际组织的动物源性水产品中兽药MRL标准现状进行跟踪并与中国制定的相关标准进行对比分析.结果表明:中国与上述国家、地区和国际组织在动物源性水产品中兽药MRL标准在数量、数值及涉及药物种类上均存在差异.其中,EU制定MRL的标准数量最多,为40个;其次为韩国,制定MRL标准为37个;EU制定MRL的标准涉及的兽药种类最多,为40种(其中磺胺类药物作为一种药物计),其次为韩国,制定MRL标准涉及兽药37种;中国禁用兽药种类最多,为57种,其次为EU,禁用药物为30种.文章在对中国动物源性水产品中MRL标准存在的主要问题进行分析的基础上,提出了加大水产动物中兽药基础研究力度,为进一步完善限量标准体系和风险评估应对机制等提供建议.

In order to further develop Chinese standard system of veterinary medicines on maxium residue limit(MRL) in Animal-derived aquatic products, we summurized the MRL standards of veterinary medicines in CAC, EU, GCC, America, Canada, Australia, South Korea, Chile, and New Zealand, and comparied these standards with the one established in China. The results showed that there were discrepancies in the numbers, values and the drug kinds of MRL standards in China comparing with the countries and the organizations described above. Among them, EU seted the largest number of MRL standards, and the number was 40;South Korea laid down the second largest number of MRL standards, and the number was 37. In addition, the MRL standards of EU covered the largest kinds of veterinary drugs, which was 40(the sulfonamides were regarded as a kind of drugs), followed by South Korea had 37 kinds of MRL standards. China banned the largest kinds of veterinary drugs that was 57. Subsequently, EU had 30 kinds of banned veterinary drugs. In this paper, based on the analysis of main problems existing in Chinese MRL standards of veterninary drugs in Animal-derived aquatic products, several measures and suggestions were proposed including strengthening basic research on veterinary medicines in aquatic animals, and further improving MRL standard system and the response mechanism of risk assessment.