农户组织模式与其技术效率的关系——一个考虑样本异质性的分析

Research on the Relationship between Farmers’ Organization Modes and Their Technical Efficiency——An Analysis Considering the Heterogeneity of Farmers

组织化是小农户与现代农业有效衔接的重要途径,但哪种组织模式更有利于提高农户技术效率还没有一致的结论。为探究组织模式与农户技术效率间的关系,本文根据全国21个省份788户肉牛养殖户定点观测数据,在传统随机前沿分析的基础上引入有限混合模型区分样本农户养殖技术应用的异质性,并运用处理效应模型实证分析不同组织模式对肉牛养殖户技术效率的影响。研究发现,样本农户的技术应用存在难以观测的异质性问题;组织化农户的技术效率明显高于未组织化农户;在多种组织模式中,合作社型组织模式对农户技术效率的提升作用最为明显,甚至高于企业直接带动型农户(契约型),而仅与龙头企业签订销售合同的农户(买卖型)其技术效率与未组织化农户差异不大。最后,本文建议为了更有效地提升农业生产力,要分类实施农业激励政策;相关部门应该对合作社型组织模式给予更多的引导与政策支持;同时要积极引导小农户与现代企业建立深入的合作关系,而不能仅停留在产品销售的简单合作之上,进而推动小农户与现代农业的有效衔接。

Organization plays an important role in linking small farmers to modern agriculture in China, however, there is no consistent conclusion about which organization mode is more effective in improving the technical efficiency. In order to explore the relationship between farmers’ organization mode and their technical efficiency, this paper introduced a Finite Mixture Model on the basis of traditional Stochastic Frontier Analysis to classify and calculate technical efficiency, then Treatment Effect Model is used to empirically analyze the impact of different organization mode on beef cattle breeders’ technical efficiency based on the data of 788 beef cattle breeders in 21 provinces of China. It is found that there are some differences in the breeders’ sample that are hard to observe;the technical efficiency of organized breeders is significantly higher than that of non-organized breeders;among various organization modes, the improving effect of cooperative organization on farmers’ technical efficiency has been the most obvious, even higher than the effect of enterprise-led organization mode on average, and the technical efficiency of breeders who only sign sales contracts with enterprises is not significantly different from the non-organized breeders. According to the analysis, this article suggests that in order to enhance agricultural productivity more effectively, agricultural incentive policies should be implemented by classification;more guidance and policy support to the cooperative organization should be provided by relevant departments to promote the effective link between small farmers and modern agriculture to establish deep cooperative relations, rather than just staying on product sales relations.