一株食用菌绿霉病菌拮抗菌株的分离与鉴定

Isolation and Identification of an Antagonistic Strain Against Green Mold of Edible Fungi

为了筛选安全、高效的食用菌绿霉病生防菌株,有效控制病害的传播扩散,以常见绿霉病原菌长枝木霉(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)为指示菌,通过平板对峙法和管碟法筛选得到5株木霉拮抗菌株,其中me-1抑菌效果最好,抑菌圈达24.7 mm。经过培养性状、形态特征、生理生化性状和16S rDNA序列分析,将菌株me-1鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。经抑制作用测定,表明该菌株对黑木耳、杏鲍菇和灵芝无抑制作用,有较好的应用前景。抗菌谱试验表明,菌株me-1对3种其他常见食用菌病原真菌有抑制作用,其中对黑木耳青霉病菌(Penicillium paneum)的抑菌率达到了92.9%,该抑制效果在1%和5%水平显著高于其他2种病原菌。所得研究结果为食用菌病害的防治提供了理论依据。

In order to screen the safe and efficient antifungal strains against green mold of edible fungi to control the spread of the disease effectively, five antagonistic strains were screened through the inhibition test in plate and cylinder plate assay by using Trichoderma longibrachiatum,a common pathogen of green mold,as the indicator fungi, among which strain me-1 had the highest antagonistic activity against T. longibrachiatum and its inhibition zone reached to 24.7 mm higher than other four antagonistic strain at the significant level of 1% and 5%. Strain me-1 was identified as Bacillus subtilis according to the culture traits, morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical traits and 16 S rDNA sequence analysis. And me-1 had no inhibition to Auricularia auricula, Pleurotus eryngii and Ganoderma spp. by inhibition test,which shows a good application prospect. The antimicrobial spectrum test of me-1 showed that it also has the inhibition to three other common fungal pathogens of edible fungi and the inhibitory rate is 92.9% against Penicillium paneum higher than other two fungal pathogens at the significant level of 1% and 5%. The results of this experiment provide a theoretical basis for the biocontrol of disease of edible fungi.