SPS措施、产品多样化与农产品质量升级:基于多产品出口企业理论

SPS Measures,Multi-product and Quality Upgrading of Agricultural Products: Based on the Perspectives of Multiproduct Export Firms

面对国际市场SPS措施日趋严格的"质量门槛",农产品出口企业的质量升级迫在眉睫,而产品多样化有助于企业在质量升级中优化资源配置。文章基于中国企业出口农产品多样化事实,将产品质量和品种内生化于MO模型后发现:出口企业在垂直-水平二维下,应对SPS措施倒逼时存在产品内升级或产品间重构两种路径;拓展至垂直-水平-时间三维后发现多产品出口企业在"技术溢出""干中学"和"退出驱动"三重合力效应下的质量升级效率最高;实证分析验证了以上理论推导,并通过了剔除贸易中介商、选取劳动密集型产品和PPML估计方法等一系列稳健性检验;进一步分析发现,在多产品出口企业中,国有企业质量升级最快,而一般贸易快于加工贸易。文章揭示了产品多样化在促进企业技术创新、应对外部冲击以及降低质量升级风险中的积极作用。

With the increasingly strict SPS measures in the international market,it is extremely urgent for agricultural export firms to upgrade export quality,while the product diversification can help firms optimize the allocation of resources in quality upgrading.Based on the fact of the diversity and MO model,this paper presents a simple model of endogenous quality and diversification.The study finds that:( i) there exist four effects in vertical-horizontal two-dimensional and heterogeneous transmission path( product upgrades or product reorganizations) for firms when coping with the SPS measures’ anti-driving effect;( ii) after expanding to vertical-horizontal-time three-dimensions,the study finds multi-product export firms are forced by " technical spillovers", " learning from doing" and " exit drive" and have the highest efficiency in upgrading;( iii) the empirical analysis verifies the above theoretical propositions and remain robust when eliminating trade intermediaries,selecting labor-intensive products and PPML estimation methods. Further analysis finds multi-product export enterprises,state-owned multi-product firms have the fastest speed in quality upgrading,while general trade firms are faster than processing trade firms. This study reveals the positive role of product diversification in promoting technological innovation,coping with external shocks and reducing the risk of quality upgrades.