计及风电和柔性负荷的核电多目标优化调度研究

Research on Multi-objective Optimal Scheduling of Nuclear Power Considering Wind Power and Flexible Load

随着电网负荷峰谷差的增大以及风电出力的随机性和反调峰性,核电机组参与系统调峰的需求愈发迫切。以总运行成本、核电调峰深度、污染气体排放最小为目标函数,建立计及风电出力随机性的核电?火电?电转气?风电联合优化调度模型。利用具有可移峰特性的电转气(power to gas,P2G)负荷以及燃气轮机作为可调度资源,完成核电的等效调峰。构造带权极小模理想点函数,采用层次分析法计算各子目标权重系数,给出引入二次非线性递减惯性权重粒子群算法的优化模型解算方法,并验证了模型的有效性。算例结果表明,该调度模型比确定性模型更符合实际,对风电的利用效率更高;并且在节约成本,增加核电运行安全性,提高电网调度的灵活性等方面具有明显优势。

With the increase of load peak-valley difference and the randomness and anti-peak regulation of wind power output, the demand for nuclear power units to participate in system peak regulation becomes more and more urgent. Taking the total operation cost, the peak shaving depth of nuclear power and the minimum emission of polluted gases as the objective functions, a combined optimal dispatching model of nuclear power, thermal power, power to gas(P2 G) and wind power, taking into account the randomness of wind power output, was established. The equivalent peak shaving of nuclear power was achieved by using P2 G load with movable peak characteristics and gas turbine as schedulable resources. An ideal point function with weighted minimal modulus is constructed, and the weight coefficients of each sub-objective were calculated by AHP. The optimization model of particle swarm optimization with quadratic nonlinear decreasing inertia weight was given to verify the validity of the model. The example analysis shows that the dispatching model is more practical than the deterministic model, and has higher utilization efficiency of wind power. It has obvious advantages in saving cost, increasing the safety of nuclear power operation and improving the flexibility of power grid dispatching.