经颅直流电刺激在社会认知神经科学中的应用

The Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Social Cognitive Neuroscience

经颅直流电刺激技术(tDCS)是一种新兴的无创脑刺激技术,本文从风险决策、情绪和道德加工三个方面综述了近年来tDCS在社会认知神经科学领域的研究。tDCS不仅有助于揭示社会认知加工的神经机制,在调节个体的社会认知加工方面也有较好的应用前景。当前tDCS研究仍存在参数不够标准化、空间分辨率较低、因变量不够多元化、刺激的长时程效应不明确等问题;未来研究可在探索神经机制的同时展开其在社会认知和行为干预等方面的应用。

Social cognitive neuroscience is an emerging interdisciplinary subject that uses cognitive neuroscience to study social cognitive processing.It focuses on human social behavior and neural mechanisms and basic functions.This essay intends to summarize the current researches on the social cognition of healthy individuals using tDCS from three aspects:risk decision-making,emotion and moral processing,and summarize research problems to look forward to future research directions.For risk decision-making,most studies focus on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)which is related to risk appetite;some studies find that DLPFC and VMPFC are both related to emotion processing;as for moral processing,the temporo-parietal junction(TPJ)is the key region.By summarizing the previous studies,it can be concluded that tDCS has a good application prospect in regulating the social cognitive processing.In general,its application in the field of social cognitive research has the characteristics of stimulating target diversification,separating different brain regions and high portability.Future researches could improve spatial resolution by using high definition transcranial direct current stim-ulation(HD-tDCS).Furthermore,other brain imaging techniques(such as fMRI,EEG,etc.)should be combined to obtain information about internal neural activity of subjects to explore the neural mechanisms which is influenced by tDCS.At the same time,it should be further investigated whether repeated stimulation of the same cortical region can prolong the regulation effect.