社会阶层共情差异的理论与实证探析

Theoretical and Empirical Review and Analysis of the Differences in Empathy between High versus Low Social Class

社会阶层指个体在社会层级结构中所处的地位以及对自身所处地位的主观感知。关于不同社会阶层在共情上差异的问题,学界在实证研究和理论解释上都没能得到一致的结果。本文梳理并比较了此领域内的各种理论,并从共情的各维度和成分出发,综述了高低社会阶层在特质和状态共情,情绪和认知共情,神经机制上的异同,分析了差异形成的可能原因。最后,从概念界定、假设提出、研究范式几个方面为未来研究的开展提出了几点建议。

Social class refers to both the position of individuals in the social hierarchy and the subjective construal of his or her class rank.Regarding the differences in empathy between different social classes,the academic circles have not reached an agreement in both empirical research and theoretical interpretation.This paper combs and compares various the-ones in this field,and based on the different components of empathy,summarized the similarities and differences between the high and low social classes in trait and state empathy,emotional and cognitive empathy,and its neural mechanisms,possible reasons for the differences are analyzed either.Finally,several suggestions for future research are provided on definition,hypothesis proposal and research paradigm.