中国法上的行为能力宣告：制度内涵与解释论重塑

Declaration of Behavior Ability in Chinese Law: Connotation of System and Reconstruction of Theory of Interpretation

中国民法典编纂已经接近尾声,如何对民法典中的规则采取妥当的解释论立场是一个有待学界充分讨论的重要问题。结合《民法总则》行为能力宣告制度的分析,可以展示一种更加积极进取的理论立场。虽然《民法总则》关于行为能力宣告制度的规定与先前的规定差别不大,但通过条文的细致梳理,可以认为中国民法其实确立了有中国特色的二级制成年监护制度,区分了成年监护与成年照顾制度。在这一框架之下,通过法律解释的续造,可以在中国民法中构造出一个既尊重现行法,又符合世界发展潮流,而且能够有效应对中国老龄化趋势的制度体系。

The compilation of the Chinese Civil Code is near to the end.It is an important issue as how to adopt an appropriate position of interpretation to the rules of civil code.An analysis to the system of declaration of behavior ability in The General Principles of Civil Code will display a more active position in theory.Although the regulations of the system of declaration of behavior ability in The General Principles of Civil Code are not very different as compare with the previous ones,it can be considered,through a detailed carding of the articles,that the Chinese Civil Code has,in fact,established a two-level system of adult guardianship with Chinese characteristics by a distinction between adult guardianship system and adult care system.In this framework,by a continuing reconstruction of legal interpretation,a system of institution can be made out in Chinese Civil Code which is conforming to the present law and to the world tide of development,and is effective in coping with the trend of old-age society in China.