2014-2018年武汉市口腔医疗资源现状及配置公平性分析

Analysis of the Status and Equality in Oral Medical Resources Allocation in Wuhan City From 2014 to 2018

目的了解2014-2018年武汉市口腔医疗资源配置状况,分析口腔医疗资源配置的公平性,并提出相应的对策建议,为口腔卫生资源的区域规划提供科学的依据。方法通过口腔医疗机构分布、人力资源分布、门诊量等情况反映武汉市口腔医疗资源的现状,利用Gini系数评价口腔医疗资源配置的公平性。结果截止2018年底,武汉市拥有口腔机构650所,口腔医师2 714人,近5年各类口腔医疗资源呈现同步发展趋势,其中以口腔医师年均增幅最大达18.28%。口腔医疗机构和执业(助理)医师资源按人口分布的公平性Gini系数均小于0.35,公平性较好;按地理面积分布的公平性Gini系数均大于0.6,公平性不足。结论武汉市口腔医疗资源发展迅速,总量逐年增加,但口腔医师人口比与欧美发达国家和国内一线城市相比仍然不足。口腔医疗资源配置结构仍欠合理,地区间差距较大;资源配置人口公平性优于地理面积公平性。

Objective To investigate the allocation of oral medical resources in Wuhan from 2014 to 2018,analyze the equality of oral medical resources allocation,and propose accordingly the suggestions and countermeasures to provide a scientific basis for regional planning of oral health resources.Methods The current situation of oral medical resources in Wuhan was revealed through the distribution of oral medical institutions and human resources, and the outpatient volume and other conditions. The equality in oral medical resources allocation was evaluated by Gini coefficient.Results By the end of 2018, Wuhan had 650 dental institutions and 2 714 dental doctors. In the past five years,various oral medical resources had shown a synchronous development trend,with a 18.28% average annual growth rate of dental doctors. The Gini coefficient of oral medical institutions and licensed(assistant) physician resources according to the density of population were less than 0.35,showing the rather equalitable status;the Gini coefficient of fairness according to geographical area distribution was greater than 0.6, indicating the insufficient equality.Conclusion The oral medical resources in Wuhan have developed rapidly,and the total amount has increased year by year. However,the number of dentists is still insufficient compared with that of the developed countries in Europe and America and the domestic first-tier cities. The allocation structure of oral medical resources remains unreasonable with large gap between regions;the equality of resource allocation for population density is better than that for geographical area.