论字象与修辞——以《文心雕龙》《〈文心雕龙〉札记》为例

A Case Study of the Image of Chinese Characters and Rhetoric on the Notes of Wen Xin Diao Long

文章运用陈望道先生关于文辞、语辞的广义修辞观,结合"字象与诗象融合"的观点,以《文心雕龙》和《〈文心雕龙〉札记》为研究对象,展开字象与修辞融通关系的拓展性思考。主要讨论三个方面的问题:一、审美视角的取象造字修辞。以"文""章"等字例切入,探源汉字创制之初的字象修辞及其审美效果;二、创作视角的取象用字修辞。讨论在写作阶段取象用字的修辞现象,包括汉字形、音、义的复杂性诸问题;三、中庸思想决定的取象双形修辞及字象修辞整体。以"丽""雔""马"等字为例,并探析字象修辞亦应遵循中庸之道。考察结论:汉语"字象"这个颇具民族特色的文化元素与"广义修辞"概念原本融通,自有其文字学动因与生成肌理,对它的考察也可以丰富和扩展汉语诗文鉴赏与写作的审美维度。

Wen Xin Diao Long is a monumental work in the history of Chinese literary criticism,and also the first rhetoric work in China.It has a far-reaching influence until today.Ji Gang’s Notes of Wen Xin Diao Long opened the pioneer of Dragon Studies and was the first academic work to make systematic and insightful research on Wen Xin.Based on the corpus of Wen Xin and Notes,this paper investigates the rhetoric of Image of Chinese characters in articles.Through the process of"object image-characters image-rhetoric image-article image",it experiences the subjective and objective integration of"Spirit’s Travel with Object"and"Spirit’s Communication to Image".The rhetoric of characters exists not only in the creation of articles,but also in the appreciation of articles."Accumulated Learning Treasure"includes not only the knowledge of Six Categories of Chinese characters in the stage of image-taking and character-building,but also the characters know ledge of original meaning,extended meaning,enlargement or reduction of words meaning in the stage of development and evolution of Chinese characters,as well as effective communication between image-taking,character-building,and article’s creation and appreciation.Therefore,we integrate the cultural element of Chinese character image into the creation and appreciation of articles,thus enriching and expanding the aesthetic dimension of article writing and appreciation.