丙型肝炎病毒分类和宿主动物的研究进展

Advances in the classification of hepatitis C virus and study of its hosts

丙型病毒肝炎(Hepatitis C virus,HCV)属于黄病赤科(Flaviviridae),丙肝病毒属(Hepacivirus,HEPV)。长期以来,该属病毒只有HCV一个种,且在自然情况下,HCV只感染人和黑猩猩,由于缺乏合适的动物模型,使HCV致病机理及疫苗的研究受到阻碍。随着DNA高通量测序技术的广泛应用,自2011年以来,HEPV中多种病毒相继被发现,该属病毒已经增加到14种:犬、马、牛、鼠、蝙蝠和疣猴等哺乳动物可以作为HEPV的宿主。本文就HEPV的基因组结构、病毒蛋白功能、同源病毒及自然宿主分类进行了简娶的综述.

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)belongs to the genus Hepacivirus in the family Flaviviridae.For many years,the genus consisted of only one species.HCV can only infect humans and chimpanzees naturaliy.Therefore,research on the pathogenesis of HCV and vaccines is hindered by the lack of appropriate animal models.With the widespread use of high-throughput sequencing technology,14 species of Hepacivirus from A to N have been identified since 2011.The In-ternational Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses recommends that Hepatitis C virus be named Hepacivirus C.Some mam-mals are a host of He pacivirus including dogs,horses,rodents,bats,and guereza.Depending on the host,hepacivirus is clasified into human hepacivirus,canine hepacivirus,equine hepacivirus,rodent hepacivirus,bat hepacivirus,or guereza hepacivirus.Research can greatly help to identify the origins and pathogenesis of HCV,create animal models of infection,and develop vacines.This paper briely reviews the structure of the He pacivirus genome,the functions of viral proteins,classification of the virus,and its natural host animals in order to provide a reference for the study of Hepacirvirus.