1913年“地狱门峡谷事件”后加拿大鲑鱼危机的科学治理

The Scientific Fishery Management of the Salmon Crisis of Canada After the Hells Gate Landslide

1913年,由人为因素引发的"地狱门峡谷事件"造成了加拿大弗雷泽河严重的鲑鱼危机。随着渔业科学研究的推进,渔业科学家和管理者先后将"洄游通路受阻""过度捕捞""栖息地破坏"作为鲑鱼种群衰退的主要原因。在此认知基础上,他们通过疏浚河道、严控捕捞、修建鱼梯、改建水坝以及拯救小种群鲑鱼等方式治理鲑鱼危机。经过几十年的不懈努力,鲑鱼种群恢复工作取得了显著成效,但依然任重道远。弗雷泽河鲑鱼危机及其后的治理充分表明,科学的渔业管理不仅是治理渔业资源危机的有效方式,而且是实现渔业资源保护的正确选择。

In 1913,Hells Gate Landslide,which triggered a severe salmon crisis in the Fraser River,was caused by human actions.The fishery scientists and managers have taken "migration path blocked","overfishing"and "habitat destruction"as the main reasons for salmon declining with the advancement of fishery science research.To save salmon,the fishery scientists and managers used the methods of dredging rivers,tightening fishing,building fish ladders,dismantling dams and saving small races of salmon.After decades of unremitting efforts,remarkable results had been achieved in salmon recovery,but there is still a long way to go.The scientific fishery management to deal with salmon crisis in Fraser River fully shows that the scientific fishery management is not only an effective way to manage fisheries,but also an inevitable choice for the protection of fishery resources.