我国家庭教育投资的城乡差异与空间格局演变

Urban and Rural Differences and Spatial Evolution of Household Education Investment in China

家庭教育投资的快速增长极大弥补了我国公共教育财政支出的不足,而城乡家庭教育投资差距也逐渐成为阻碍社会稳定发展的难题。客观分析城乡家庭教育投资的现实水平以及差异变化有利于促进教育资源的优化配置,也是推动教育均衡与教育公平实现的重要前提。文章采用泰尔指数对我国城乡家庭教育投资差距的空间格局变化进行了分析,结果发现:改革开放以来,我国城乡家庭教育投资能力在不断提升,不过农村家庭的教育投资水平相对较低;在1990-2016年间,城乡家庭教育投资差异表现出频繁的波动变化,不过全国、农村与各地区的内部差异都在逐渐缩小;此外,农村以及东西部地区的内部差异是全国城乡家庭教育投资差异变化的主要原因。因此,要进一步加大对农村地区的教育投资力度,注重提高农村学校的基础设施水平与师资条件,推动农村教育环境的改善,同时要落实好对西部地区的各项教育优惠政策,加强对教育投资的宣传,转变居民的教育投资观念,促进家庭教育投资的稳定增长。

The rapid growth of family education investment has made up for the shortage of public education expenditure in China,and the gap between urban and rural household education investment has gradually become a difficult problem that hinders the stable development of society.Objectively analyzing the real level of investment and the difference between urban and rural family education is conducive to promoting the optimal allocation of educational resources,and it is also an important prerequisite for promoting the balance of education and the realization of education equity.This paper analyzes the spatial pattern of the gap between urban and rural household education investment in China by using the Thiel index.The results show that since the reform and opening up,the capacity of rural and urban household education investment has been constantly improving,but the level of rural household education investment is relatively low.Between 1990 and 2016,the differences in household education investment between urban and rural areas showed frequent fluctuations,but the differences between the country,rural areas and regions were gradually narrowing.In addition,the internal differences between rural areas and the eastern and western regions are the main reasons for the changes in the differences in household education investment between urban and rural areas throughout the country.Therefore,it is necessary to further increase investment in education in rural areas,pay attention to improving the level of infrastructure and teachers in rural schools,and promote the improvement of the educational environment in rural areas.We will increase publicity about investment in education,change residents ’views on investment in education,and promote the steady growth of investment in family education.