小儿过敏性皮肤病的发生及常见过敏原分析

Analysis of the occurrence and common allergens of allergic dermatosis in children

目的探讨不同年龄小儿过敏性皮肤病发生情况及常见过敏原。方法选取2016年1月至2018年6月在台州市第二人民医院皮肤科就诊的年龄≤1岁过敏性皮肤病患儿215例,根据年龄分为A组(年龄在6个月以下)与B组(年龄为6个月~1岁)。两组患儿均行食物过敏原皮肤点刺试验,比较不同年龄分组的患儿常见过敏原阳性率的检测情况等差异。结果在215例患儿中,A组122例(56.74%),B组93例(43.26%);食物过敏原皮肤点刺试验阳性共202例(93.95%),其中A组114例,B组88例。在食物常见过敏原中,对鸡蛋清过敏的总阳性率最高(43.72%),其次为花生(42.33%)、鸡蛋黄(39.53%)、大豆(35.35%)、小麦(33.95%)、鱼(31.16%)、鲜虾(29.77%)和牛奶(28.84%)。在所有食物过敏原中,鸡蛋清的强阳性率最高(10.23%)。B组对鲜虾过敏的总阳性率较A组显著下降(χ^2=5.35,P<0.05),B组对鸡蛋黄和鸡蛋清过敏的总阳性率均较A组显著升高(χ^2值分别为6.76、15.84,均P<0.05),两组对花生、牛奶、鱼、大豆、小麦过敏的总阳性率比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论鸡蛋清、花生、鸡蛋黄、大豆和小麦等均为1岁以下小儿过敏性皮肤病的常见食物过敏原,且相比年龄在6个月以下的患儿,年龄为6个月~1岁的患儿更容易对鸡蛋黄、鸡蛋清过敏,而年龄在6个月以下的患儿更易对鲜虾过敏,因此及时检测上述常见过敏原对小儿过敏性皮肤病的临床预防和治疗具有重要意义。

Objective To analyze the occurrence and common allergens of allergic dermatosis in children among different ages.Methods A total of 215 children with allergic dermatosis and aged ≤1 year-old who were admitted to department of dermatology from Taizhou Second People’s Hospital from January 2016 to June 2018 were selected and divided into group A(under 6 months old) and group B(aged 6 months to 1 year old).The two groups of children were all given skin prick test for food allergens to compare the detection of common allergens in children of different age groups.Results Among 215 children,122(56.74%) cases were below 6 months old and 93(43.26%) cases ranged in age from 6 months to 1 year old.A total of 202(93.95%) were positive for skin prick test of food allergens,including 114 cases in group A and 88 cases in group B.Among the common food allergens,the total positive rate of egg white was the highest(43.72%),followed by peanut(42.33%),egg yolk(39.53%),soybean(35.35%),wheat(33.95%),fish(31.16%),fresh shrimp(29.77%) and milk(28.84%).And among all food allergens,the strong positive rate of egg white(10.23%) was the highest.The total positive rate of fresh shrimp in group B was significantly lower than that in group A(χ^2=5.35,P<0.05),and the total positive rate of egg yolk and egg white in group B was significantly higher than that in group A(χ^2 values were 6.76 and 15.84,respectively,both P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the total positive rate of peanut,milk,fish,soybean and wheat between the two groups(χ^2 values were 0.43,0.44,1.40,2.86 and 1.08,respectively,all P>0.05).Conclusion Egg white,peanut,egg yolk,soybean and wheat are common food allergens of allergic dermatosis in children under 1 year old.Compared with children under 6 months old,children aged between 6 months and 1 year old are more likely to be allergic to egg yolk and egg white,while children under 6 months old are more likely to be allergic to fresh shrimp.Therefore,timely detection of the allergens mentioned above is of great significance for the clinical prevention and treatment of allergic dermatosis in children.