口腔综合保健措施预防低龄儿童龋的效果调查

Role ofcomprehensive oral health care measures in early childhood caries

目的了解实施口腔综合保健措施预防台州地区低龄儿童龋(ECC)的效果。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,选取台州地区6所幼儿园的3~6岁儿童,随机将其分为观察组和对照组(每组各抽取3个幼儿园)。对照组儿童仅给予1次口腔健康教育及一年2次的口腔健康检查。观察组儿童给予口腔综合保健措施干预。设计调查问卷了解儿童一般信息、口腔卫生行为及饮食习惯。于干预前后对两组儿童进行口腔检查,记录口腔患龋情况。结果观察组共发放876份问卷,有效回收826份(94.29%),对照组共发放820份问卷,有效回收780份(95.12%)。干预后观察组坚持早晚刷牙、使用含氟牙膏、刷牙时间在3min以上、睡前不吃甜食、饭后漱口、定期进行口腔检查等指标均显著优于对照组(χ^2=37.276,41.459,47.030,30.305,36.749,29.226,均P<0.05),观察组乳牙龋坏(dt)、因龋缺失(mt)、因龋填充(ft)数量,龋均(dmft)值以及dt牙面、mt牙面、ft牙面和dmft牙面数量均显著低于对照组(t=15.247,13.450,22.804,13.825,15.297,10.109,29.073,11.896,均P<0.05),观察组患龋率、新发龋的发病率和未治疗率均显著低于对照组(χ^2=4.842,4.112,9.872,均P<0.05)。结论实施口腔综合保健措施可提高儿童及家长的口腔保健意识,督促儿童养成良好的口腔卫生行为及饮食习惯,对防治和减少ECC有一定效果。

Objective To understand prevention effect of comprehensive oral health care measures on early childhood caries(ECC) inTaizhou.Methods Children aged 3 to 6 years old were selected from 6 kindergartens in Taizhou by the cluster sampling method.They were divided into observation group and control group(each group had members from 3 kindergartens) by the random sampling method.The control group was given only once oral health education and twice oral health tests a year,while observation group was given comprehensive oral health care measures intervention.Questionnaires were designed to get general information,oral health behaviors and dietary habits of children.Oral examinations were performed before and after intervention.Results In observation group,there were 876 questionnaires issued,and 826(94.29%)were effectively recycled.In the control group,820 questionnaires were handed down,and 780(95.12%)were effectively collected.After the intervention,the observation group maintained the habbit of brushing their teeth in the morning and evening,using fluoride toothpaste,for more than 3 minuteseah day,no sweet food before going to bed,gargling their mouth after meals,and having regular oral examination were all significantly better than the control group(χ^2=37.276,41.459,47.030,30.305,36.749,29.226,respectively,P<0.05 for all).After intervention,indexes of oral caries in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(t=15.247,13.450,22.804,13.825,15.297,10.109,29.073,11.896,respectively,P<0.05 for all).After the intervention,caries prevalence rate,incidence of new caries and untreated rate in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(χ^2=4.842,4.112,9.872,respectively,P<0.05 for all).Conclusion Conducting comprehensive oral health care measures can improve oral health awareness of children and parents,and children are encouraged to develop good oral hygiene behaviors and dietary habits,which have some effects on prevention and reduction of ECC.