产业政策争论的新时代意义：理论与实践的考量

The New Era Significance of Industrial Policy Debate:Considerations of Theory and Practice

当前产业政策争论主要在新结构主义、新自由主义与演化发展经济学三大学派间展开,聚焦于产业结构范畴考察产业政策的合理性与有效性。不同学派的理论逻辑与政策主张具有不同的阶段适用性:新结构主义理论主要适用于经济快速追赶阶段的前期,演化发展经济学理论主要适用于经济快速追赶阶段的后期,新自由主义理论主要适用于经济超越阶段。后发经济体在由快速追赶阶段前期向快速追赶阶段后期再向经济超越阶段的转换过程中,其产业政策属性应相应地由选择性向更加积极型再向功能性持续转换。国际产业政策实践也呈现出由选择性向功能性方向演进的一般趋势。新时代之初的中国经济依然处在快速追赶阶段后期,不应盲目加速产业政策属性的转换进程,适于当前阶段的转换力度是把产业政策属性总体上由选择性转换为更加积极型。

At present,the debate on industrial polic y is mainly among three schools:the Neo・Structuralism,the Neo・Liberalism and the Evolutionary Development Economics,focusing on the rationality and effectiveness of industrial policy in the field of industrial structure.The theoretical logic and policy propositions of different schools have different stage applicability:the Neo-Structuralism is mainly applicable to the early stage of rapid economic catch・up,the Evolutionary Development Economics is mainly applicable to the late stage of rapid economic catch・up,and the Neo Liberalism is mainly applicable to the stage of economic transcendence.During the process of the transition from the uearly stage of rapid catch-upM to the"late stage of rapid catch-upn and then to the ustage of economic transcendencen,the industrial policy attribute of late developing economies should be transformed from“selective”to“more positive”and then to“fimctional”.The practice of international in・dustrial policy also shows a general trend of evolution from“selectivity”to ufunctionalityAt the beginning of the new era,China's economy is still at the“late stage of rapid catch-up”,so it should not blindly accelerate the transformation process of industrial policy attributes.The transformation strength suitable to the current stage is to change the attribute of industrial policy from“selective”to“more positive”.