基于国家治理视角的中央环保督察有效性研究

A Research on the Effectiveness of Central Environmental Protection Inspection from the Perspective of State Governance

面对日益恶化的环境问题,中央适时实施了中央环保督察政策。有些学者从不同视角对中央环保督察的效果进行研究,得出了近乎两极化的结论。从国家治理的视角研究中央环保督察的运行逻辑,收集试点督察和第一批环保督察的样本数据,运用双重差分和断点回归方法进行实证分析发现,中央环保督察效果显著,但效果持续性较弱。这是中央环保督察高运行成本和高运行效益的必然结果,不能对其政策经验进行简单肯定或否定。中央环保督察是对常规型环境治理机制本身的一种“治理”,是平衡经济领域的强激励和环境领域的弱激励的重要工具,是重要的国家治理手段。同时,应认识到其高成本的局限性,逐步从完善生态环境保护责任制度、鼓励创新和优化产业结构等方面着手,从根本上提高生态环境质量。

Faced with the worsening environmental problems,the central govenment has timely implemented the central environmental protection inspection.Different scholars get nearly contrary conclusions after their researches from different perspectives.From the perspective of state governance,this paper studies the operation logic of the central environment protection supervision,collets thesample data of the pilot inspection and the first batch of environmental protection supervisions,and conducts an empirical analysis by using the methods of difference-in-difference and breakpoint regression.The findings show that the central environmental protection inspection has achieved remarkable effects:however,the persistence of the effect is rather weaker.This is the inevitable result of thehigh operation costs and high operation efficiency of the central environmental protection inspection,its policy experience cannot be simply affirmed or denied.The central environmental protection super vision is a kind of"governance"to the conventional environmental governance mechanism itself,an important tool to balance the strong incentives in the cconomic field and the weak incentives in the environmental field,and an important means of national governance.At the meantime,we should recognize the limitation of its high costs,start to improve the ccological environment liability system,encourage innovation and optimize the industrial structure gradually,so as to fundamentally improve the quality of the ecological environment.