圣地巡礼旅游者的行为特征及其同源情感研究——以动漫电影《你的名字。》为例

Anime Pilgrimage Tourists’ Behavioral Patterns and Their Homologous Affection:Taking Anime Film Your Name. as An Example

作为一种出游方式,动漫文化中的"圣地巡礼"正受到越来越多年轻人青睐,但很少进入中文学术议题范围,这不利于揭示其背后独特的流行文化与旅游现象之间的交互影响机理。文章采用源于知识社会学的文件方法(documentary method),以著名动漫电影《你的名字。》为例,分析了22位圣地巡礼旅游者的半结构性深度访谈文本,阐明了作为圣地巡礼基本构建过程的电影神圣化现象和旅游制度化现象。其中,电影神圣化包括电影文本内容的"命名"、电影视觉美学的"印证"、电影文本内容的情感"代入"和电影周边产品的"持有",旅游制度化包括制定巡礼计划的"自主"、以拍照来"持有"拟真的实景和以cosplay在实景中"代入"自身。研究认为,因动漫电影作品本身而唤起的"同源情感"(homologous affection)能为上述两过程提供一个相对统一的理论解释,这将有助于深入理解一般影视旅游的动机,并进一步推动对基于日常生活的情感联系与人们的旅游动机发生之间的内在关系的探究。

Anime pilgrimage has become increasingly popular among young people as a means of travel;however, the subject has been rarely addressed in Chinese research. Thus, the interaction mechanism between popular culture and tourism in that regard has yet to be identified. Anime pilgrimage attracts tourists to various locations, and it results in local economic benefits. Through the activities of anime fan groups, local communities, and the copyright owners of works, it also promotes local rejuvenation at both the social and cultural level. Specifically, the pilgrimage behavior of anime fans can be regarded as an"interpretive community"for constructing a specific anime culture content;it can also be considered a kind of productive power for re-creating the related cultural content.Pilgrimage behavior could actively create meaning for the tourists involved and help establish cultural identity within the interpretive community;the associated patterns deserve in-depth investigation. The present study adopts the documentary method from the sociology of knowledge in examining the popular animation movie Your Name..We analyzed the semi-structured interview texts of 22 anime pilgrimage tourists from China for Your Name.: they had visited sites in Japan related to that movie. We aimed to determine the phenomena related to the sacralization of that work and the institutionalization of tourism with respect to the basic processes that affect anime pilgrimage. Sacralization of that movie involves the following: identifying the content of the movie;confirming its aesthetic values;investigating the emotional substitution in the movie’s content;and copyright holders of movie-related merchandising. The institutionalization of tourism involves the following: autonomous development of tour plans;reliving parts of the movie by means of photos;and reenacting scenes using cosplay. We concluded that the anime movie produced a "homologous affection," which could constitute a relatively unified theoretical explanation for the above two processes. That homologous affection is of considerable importance in identifying the motivations related to film tourism overall: it can clarify investigation into the intrinsic relations between everyday-based affections and tourist motivations. The emotional connection has deep roots in daily life;thus, it cannot be represented by innate constraints on a space-time scale. Contemporary tourists are not necessarily attracted to locations that offer the appeal of traditional culture: they are more likely to be drawn to places and objects that offer familiarity with daily life. Homologous affection possesses the constructive power to transform the quotidian, ordinary,distant, and unfamiliar into something magical, pleasurable, intimate, and familiar. We also determined that pilgrimage tourists who were more emotionally connected to the movie’s content tended to express greater satisfaction regarding their feelings about the tour. Among such tourists, their emotional identity with the movie content apparently affected their overall perceptions of the tour. With tourists who have strong emotional identity, anime pilgrimage allows them to imaginatively interact with the content of a movie, thereby enhancing the connection between locations and their own emotions.